Thursday, September 3, 2020
Lord of the Flies Theme essay essays
Ruler of the Flies Theme exposition papers Ruler of the Flies Cruelty and brutality are for the most part portions of human life. At the point when the rules of human progress are lifted, remorselessness and viciousness are disregarded to wander unreservedly. William Golding communicates the requirement for socialized request to keep up the pitiless savage monster in every one of us. In Golding's Lord of the Flies, the subject of finding one's actual self is shown through item imagery, scientific images of the coldblooded clan and mammoth, and examination of key character images. The utilization of article imagery builds up the structure and significance of the novel. The emblematic importance of specific things in the novel give a level of sureness of what the subject relates to. A case of item imagery is noted in the enormous conch shell. The shell represents request and human progress because of its capacity to make request through arranging gatherings. The conch additionally represents pulverization of request once Roger squashes it underneath a rock. The demonstration of decimating the shell gives an outline of how unrefined the island has become. Another case of item imagery is portrayed in the sign flames that Ralph harshly recommends should exist. These flames represent a desire for salvage and an arrival to request and human advancement. When Jack, who is responsible for the fire, disregards the significance of a sign fire, it at that point represents lost expectation. When Piggy recommends reigniting the fire it at that point represents a reclamation of expectation. Another depiction of Golding's article imagery exists in Piggy's exhibitions. The displays represent solace and steadfastness because of their fire making abilities. Before long capacity to make fire is common because of the absence of fire making capacity of Jack's clan. When Jack's clan takes the glasses the glasses at that point represent a move in power. A further delineation of article imagery is noted in the presence of the m aritime official close to the furthest limit of the novel. The official represents home, however the image is unexpected in the way that the official is taking the young men from a wa... <!
Thursday, August 27, 2020
Protection of Biometric Templates
Insurance of Biometric Templates Insurance of Biometric Templates Stored on an Authentication Card by Salting the Templates Issue Statement The proposed research tends to the issue of insurance of biometric information put away on formats utilizing a framework on-card approach for savvy cards by proposing a technique to salt the layouts. Exploration Statement This exploration proposes a vigorous and versatile strategy to salt the formats put away and coordinated on-card. It readies a salt utilizing a unique mark layout of a haphazardly picked finger, the sequential number of validation card and a framework produced irregular PIN. The salt is utilized to encode the formats of various unique finger impression layouts made and put away on card. During validation, a layout of the finger picked arbitrarily to set up the salt during the enlistment stage is acquired and a PIN is given by client. These two contributions alongside the sequential number of card is utilized to set up the salt and again scramble the live layout gave by client to confirmation. Once, the put away encoded layout and the made scrambled format coordinates, the client can be viewed as certified and allowed get to further. This technique is executed on framework on-card brilliant cards to give clients greater security and protection. Dynamic This examination proposes to give a protected technique to get ready salt for encryption of formats put away on the confirmation card utilizing what I am, what I have and what I realize which is exceptionally impervious to known assaults against coordinate on card innovation. The client will be furnished with a Java card with an implanted unique mark peruser on the card. The client needs to give a unique mark which will be caught by peruser inserted on-card and this unique finger impression will be utilized to plan salt alongside sequential number of Java card and a 4-digit PIN contribution by client. The salt will be set up to encode the live format of another unique mark picked haphazardly by framework, created by the framework on Java card. The encoded live layout and the put away salted format will be contrasted with set up if the client is certified or not. The client will be confirmed dependent on the estimations of choice in the event that it passes a specific limit esteem. Assets The assets we mean to use to finish this exploration is Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, Research Gate. Association with the courses of the MISSM Program Different courses of MISSM program are connected to the proposed research as depicted beneath: Cryptography: The nuts and bolts of Biometrics and JAVA card innovation, utilizing challenge and reaction for a domain, for example, banking, high-security settings and so on. Likewise, RSA declarations for web confirmation during correspondence with server. Security strategies: Different approaches and measures administering the administration of biometric information for example ISO/IEC guidelines and so on. Likewise, various arrangements that can be actualized to guarantee sound utilization of proposed strategy. Administration Risk and Control: Considering the benefit of resistance top to bottom idea by including an extra layer of security for the thought of hazard the board in physical access confirmation/security. Survey of related examination The exploration identified with this proposition contains the conversation of match-on card and framework on-card approach and how framework on-card innovation gives extra security and protection to client. The survey is partitioned into four area as portrayed underneath: Unique mark Authentication Systems Biometrics are robotized techniques for building up a people personality dependent on his/her physical or conduct qualities [1]. There are different physical attributes that can be utilized for confirmation framework, for example, iris, unique finger impression, palmprint, hand vein design and so forth. For each biometric verification framework, a biometric is picked dependent on different factors, for example, Universality, Uniqueness, Accuracy, Maturity, Durability as depicted in Smart Cards and Biometrics [2]. Fingerprints is most generally utilized from the date of birthplace of biometrics. The accompanying lattice table plainly shows that unique finger impression is most appropriate biometric characteristic that can be utilized. Fig 1. Report of Defense Science Board Task Force on Defense Biometrics [2] Like some other validation framework, unique mark verification framework additionally comprises of four essential thing segments Input system, Matching approachs, Decision making methods and database of biometric data. A traditional biometric confirmation framework comprises of two stages: Enrollment and Verification as clarified in Fig 2 [3]. Fig 2. Structure for Fingerprint Authentication System [3] During Enrollment stage, client is approached to include a unique finger impression. Various highlights are separated from this unique mark and a format is made by a single direction work that changes the highlights removed into a scientific structure utilizing various capacities. This layout is put away in a database which is utilized during second period of verification for example Confirmation. During Verification stage, client is again approached to give unique mark. Again a layout called live format from the info unique mark is produced and afterward the put away layout in database and live layout are contrasted with confirm the client as veritable or not. The proposed research center around layout assurance calculation to ensure the biometric format (or reference) before putting away them in database. Formats are produced by separating explicit highlights from a biometric attribute (for this situation it is unique mark) of client. The format is a short hand portrayal [12] which gives basic data about the first unique mark. Layouts can be put away in database as such without going them through any insurance calculation, which will spare time and less assets are required for entire procedure. However, unprotected formats are intense danger to the trustworthiness of entire unique mark validation framework (or any biometric verification framework). Likewise, the format can be handily controlled and is utilized for speed of examination. As exhibited by Ross et. al. in [13] that data can be separated out of the format and unique finger impression can be regenerated.ãââ In their paper, three degree of data was acquired from the details layout of unique finger impression. The data about direction field, unique finger impression class and erosion edge structure was extricated out and dependent on that data the unique finger impression was blended once more. It demonstrates the thought that getting unique finger impression from the format is about difficult to be false. Subsequently, the insurance of layout is extremely vital and can't be overlooked. Unique finger impression layouts are produced from explicit highlights of the finger impression contribution by client. Unique finger impression layout incorporates data for each details point, such are position of the point on a XY-pivot, separation of one minutia from all others or angle data of every minutia. Inclination data gives the slant of the line portion stretching out from minutia being depicted [12] as appeared in fig. This data for every minutia of a finger makes a unique finger impression layout for a finger. Likewise, layout for each finger can be built and put away in database. Formats can be a two dimensional framework wherein lines speaks to every minutia and segment speaks to various sort of data about that minutia. Instances of normalized and generally utilized layout positions are ANSI INCITS 378-2004 and ISO/IEC 19794-2. ANSI INCITS 378-2004 layout position comprise of three norms for unique mark information exchange which are as per the following: ANSI INCITS 377-2004 Finger Pattern Data Interchange Format This standard characterizes the substance, configuration and units of estimation for the trading of finger picture information that might be utilized in the confirmation or recognizable proof procedure of a subject [14]. It trades natural picture of unique mark. This standard is utilized where there is no restriction on the assets, for example, stockpiling and transmission time. ANSI INCITS 378-2004 Finger Minutiae Format For Data Interchange The Finger Minutiae Format for Data Interchange standard indicates a technique for making biometric layouts of unique mark particulars, for example, edge endings and bifurcations [14]. The structure of minutia information design is characterized in the figure underneath. The all-inclusive information squares contain extra data about the minutia. Fig Structure Minutia Data Format removed out from [14]. ANSI INCITS 381-2004 Finger Image-Based Data Interchange Format The Finger Pattern Based Interchange Format standard indicates a technique for making biometric layouts of unique mark biometric data utilizing edge design estimations found in fingerprints. The unique mark picture is diminished and afterward gathered into little cells of 5*5 pixels. At that point these cells are broke down independently [14]. The format produced might be utilized for two chief purposes [14] which are recognizable proof and check. In the two cases a live format is produced from unique mark contribution by client is contrasted and the layout put away in database. The odds of these two layouts being an accurate match is extremely little in view of earth, injury or low quality of unique mark itself [14]. Subsequently, a limit esteem is indicated which is known as a connection coefficient [14]. The estimation of this coefficient must be set specific to the application. This is on the grounds that, in the event that this worth is high, at that point there a high possibility of FRR and on the off chance that this worth is low, at that point there is high possibility of FAR. Instances of utilization of unique mark confirmation framework are law implementation for ID of crooks, air terminals to offer fast types of assistance to a high number of travelers and so on. In a customary unique finger impression confirmation framework, there are different purposes of assault as recognized by Ratha et. al. [4] which can be misused by a foe as found in Fig 3 [5]. Various assaults that can be performed on these focuses can be gathered into four classes [5]: Assaults at UI: Th
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Cult Of Domesticity Slave Narratives English Literature Essay
Clique Of Domesticity Slave Narratives English Literature Essay Slave stories give a record of the physical ruthlessness and hardship that numerous slaves had to suffer; slave storytellers at last compose their self into a presence perceived by prevailing American culture. The writer outlines the way he/she beats the slaveholding societys proceeding with endeavors to demolish his/her personality; simultaneously, the storyteller likewise revises that character to fit the prevailing societies standards, regardless of the way that these standards will in general clash with his/her own encounters during subjection. Male slave accounts have at last featured on brave male slaves, not on their spouses, girls or sisters; for a female her connections as a little girl, sister, wife, mother, and companion would at last exhibit her womanliness and her mutual jobs with white ladies perusers (who don't have to challenge their womanliness). The a wide range of decisions Linda has made for a mind-blowing duration including her endeavor to liberate herself from h er lords moral corruption, her relationship with Mr. Sands, her procedure for sparing her youngsters, and her disguise is the manner by which she delineates to her peruser the manners by which she has strived to satisfy their principles. At last, Linda Brent is gotten between the despicable, oppressive acts of bondage and the glorified clique of home life. By concentrating primarily on the accounts of male slaves, pundits have forgotten about a large portion of the image. Harriet Jacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl is illustrative of African American Orr 2 womens abstract custom, or of a female model of personality development. It is protected to state that both male and female slave accounts endeavored to counter racial generalizations; it is additionally sheltered to state that dark people anyway confronted totally different generalizations. Dark slave men battled against the generalization that were young men (progress to masculinity as in Douglass) while dark ladies attempted to safeguard the possibility that they were either vulnerable casualties or prostitutes. For a male outlaw, open talk was a manner by which he would announce his place and character among men. The structure where Jacobs account is composed is an immediate aftereffect of sexual orientation contrasts among people. Since ladies slave storytellers were held prisoners to the nineteenth-century perfect of the religion of family life which requested a standard of female immaculateness that subjection denied them, they were prohibited from the open talk of their accou nts in the predominant culture that freely demanded the clique of unadulterated womanhood. Her fundamentally white readership at the time demanded that ladies ought to pick demise before shame; they would not perceive alleged moms of kids who were rats. Harriet Jacobs couldn't show to her principally white female readership how she had been the ideal spouse or mother that the faction of home life requested yet she accentuates the manners by which she endeavored to fulfill those equivalent needs given her impossible to miss position. Episodes in the Life of a Slave Girl present the writers admission of what her perusers should seriously mull over a transgression ridden past and a defense of her intentions to a conceivably opposing readership. Northern white ladies could have related to the female slave in the midst of hardship and may have even considered her conduct under coercion, notwithstanding, Jacobs seems to underestimate that her perusers will apply to Linda Brent the ethical guidelines that were forced upon them. She underlines, Slavery is awful for men; however it is unmistakably increasingly horrendous Orr 3 for ladies. Superadded to the weight regular to all, they have wrongs, and sufferings, and embarrassments exceptionally their own.(119) She points out that of female slaves who endured awful mental torments and mortification, for example, inappropriate behavior and the loss of their youngsters. Jacobs specifies various instances of Dr. Rocks conduct as confirmation of the adulterating intensity of subjugation and its negative impacts particularly on the female slaves maternal and womanly encounters. Dr. Rock players Brents immaculateness of brain with steady hints and provocation; he assembled a bungalow in the field for her to live in however she declined him. On the off chance that she had acknowledged his offer, her life would have been spent experiencing a greater amount of his foul affront and sexual maltreatment. Her choice to turn into a mother was an immediate consequence of Dr. Stones consistent lewd gestures. Linda concedes that she acknowledged Mr. Sands propels toward her as, conscious estimation. She states: Be that as it may, O, ye upbeat ladies, whose immaculateness has been shielded from youth, who have been allowed to pick the objects of your warmth, whose homes are ensured by law, don't pass judgment on the poor forsaken slave young lady too harshly! On the off chance that servitude had been canceled, I, likewise could have hitched the man of my choiceà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦I needed to keep myself unadulterated; and under the most unfavorable conditions, I made a decent attempt to save my dignity; yet I was battling alone in the amazing handle of the evil spirit subjugation; and the beast demonstrated unreasonably solid for me. (83-84) Since, Flint denied Brent union with a free dark man and wouldn't offer her to anybody, Brent realized that she could never be permitted a customary home and family in this manner not accomplishing the best possible norms of white ladies. On the off chance that Linda had the decision to adore and wed whom she satisfied, at that point, she would readily take it. Be that as it may, the reality remains she doesn't. Through her relationship with Mr. Sands she deals with her body; on the off chance that she can't wed whom she satisfies, at that point in any event she can pick with whom she will duplicate. By picking Sands as a darling and father to Orr 4 her kids, Brent conflicted with the perfect picture of womanhood and rather managed the position she was in. Jacobs expounds on Mr. Sands: I felt appreciative for his compassion, and supported by his sort words.â It appeared to me an extraordinary thing to have such a friend.â By degrees, a progressively delicate inclination crawled into my heart.â obviously I saw whither this was tending, I knew the blocked bay between us; however to be an object important to a man who isn't hitched, and who isn't her lord, is pleasant to the pride and sentiments of a slave, if her hopeless circumstance has left her any pride or estimation. It appears to be less corrupting to give ones self, than to submit to compulsion.â There is something much the same as opportunity in having a darling who has no power over you, then again, actually which he gains by benevolence and connection. (Jacobs 84) She settled on the decision to eagerly surrender her virginity outside of marriage; an activity that is totally against customary good codes. Brent perceives that it is through her entitlement to pick that a lady increases moral trustworthiness, not through the physical virginity with which the decision is related. She picks Sands to agitate Dr. Stone in order to be liberated from his lewd gestures and to likewise conceivably make sure about her opportunity and that of future kids; Of a man who was not my lord I could request to have my youngsters very much upheld; and for this situation, I felt certain I ought to get the shelter. I additionally felt very sure that they would be made free. (85-86) While endeavoring to grasp the beliefs of womanhood, Brent can perceive and dismiss the gauges that can't be applied and built up for her. She says: Pity me, and excuse me, O idealistic peruser! You never realized what it is to be a slave; to be totally unprotected by law or custom; to have the laws lessen you to the state of a property, altogether subject to the desire of another. You never depleted your inventiveness in maintaining a strategic distance from the catches, and evading the intensity of a despised dictator; you never shivered at the sound of his strides, and trembled inside knowing about his voice. I realize I did wrongà ¢Ã¢â ¬Ã ¦.Still, in thinking back serenely, on an incredible occasions, I feel that the slave lady should not to be decided by a similar standard as others. (Jacobs 86) This announcement pronounces that other ladies reserve no option to scrutinize Brent for uncovering her sexual history except if they have strolled from her point of view and been observer to all she has persevered. Orr 5 Moreover, Jacobs contends, that the crowd can't in any way, shape or form comprehend what she has experienced. The statement is coordinated to the white female crowd and proposes that especially female slaves ought not be decided by the ethical gauges of every other person. All things considered, Brent is continually attempting to satisfy the religion of genuine womanhood by endeavoring to discover approaches to make sure about the opportunity of her two youngsters. Jacobs underlines her storytellers maternal feelings towards her youngsters; parenthood delineated in the account is noteworthy in light of the fact that it is a solid association among herself and her perusers and, in particular, one that goes above race and societal position. In introducing the life of the slave mother as one of consistent wretchedness and torment, Jacobs gain the compassion of her perusers and spurs them to concentrate on her maternal experience as the explanation for her longing to be free. Lindas activities are for the most part controlled by the impact they will have on her kids and their future freedom. Numerous female slaves were unequipped for keeping their families together however Brent changed over her body from a place of misuse to a vehicle of obstruction when she tested the authority of the slave driver and attempted to free her youngsters. Jacobs composes, My considerations meandered through the dim past, and over the dubious future. Alone in my cell, where no eye however Gods could see me, I sobbed harsh tears. How sincerely I appealed to him to reestablish me to my youngsters, and empower me to be a helpful lady and a decent mother! (202). Lindas determined preferred position of being with Mr. Sands was insufficient to make sure about the freedom of her kids and her break from Flints interest. Altogether, Linda takes activities that advance the prosperity of her kids continually all through the story. She devises an arrangement to cover up in the garret to ensure the adoration sh
Personal Success Essay Examples - How to Choose Your Essay Topic
Personal Success Essay Examples - How to Choose Your Essay TopicPersonal success essay samples are considered to be the best resources for writing high quality papers. However, there are a number of things that you should keep in mind before you begin to write your first essay. So, here are a few tips that will help you get started with your own personal success essay writing.Start by deciding what topic you are going to write about. This is the most important step in writing your essay. When you know what the purpose of your essay is, it will help you organize and prepare for your essay. You will have a clear idea about what you are going to discuss in your essay and what kind of conclusion you want to arrive at. If you do not know how to start your essay, then you can look for personal success essay samples online and find inspiration for your topic.Next, you should decide who your target audience is. Are you writing for an audience of college students? Do you want to write for a b usiness audience? Where do you want to get more people to read your essay? It is important to understand what kind of audience you are targeting when you are preparing your essay.After you have decided on the audience you want to write for, you should begin to write your essay. The very first thing you need to do is determine your topic. After you decide on the topic, you should find some personal success essay samples to use as reference. You should read these examples over until you feel that you are familiar with them.Next, you should decide how you are going to write your essay. Are you going to be using a computer? Or are you going to be writing out on paper? In both cases, you should choose a method that is best suited for you.After you have chosen the method you will be using, you should decide how long your essay is going to be. Some people prefer to have a long essay whereas others prefer to have shorter ones. If you are an article writer, you may want to have a long essay while if you are a student you may want to have a short one. You should know how long your essay is going to be before you begin writing it.You should also consider what type of ending you want to come up with for your essay. Should you end your essay on a positive note or should you talk about something that is negative? If you are writing a review of your own essay, you should know what you want to write before you begin writing it.Hopefully this article has helped you get started with your personal success essay. I also hope that you will find the material that I have provided to be helpful in your quest to write an excellent essay. You should now be able to start writing your personal success essay.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Improvements to the Correctional System Assignment
Enhancements to the Correctional System - Assignment Example Viable preparing will help in the acknowledgment of these expert standards. Preparing on viable remedial intercessions may permit the jail staff to comprehend the most expert method of taking care of detainees. The preparation may include restorative framework direction that permits detainees and jail superintendents to embrace targets, social standards, successful communications, and adequate practices. The preparation can likewise furnish the gatherings with viable relational abilities that will cultivate powerful connections, culturally diverse correspondence, and expert revealing. Other preparing may include the administration of prisoners and address detainee practices and issues that emerge in the office. The preparation will empower the jail staff to show polished skill and trustworthiness in tending to inmatesââ¬â¢ issues. At last, the preparation may spin around amendments wellbeing and security. The jail staff will pick up information on the most proficient method to keep up a protected and secure condition that will help in taking out physical, compound, and organic perils in the office. Additionally, amendment frameworks can improve polished skill by embracing moral and good standards in revision offices. In a perfect world, keeping up morals and profound quality in a rectification office is testing. Be that as it may, revision frameworks can structure and receive a viable code of morals that will administer the conduct and cooperations between the detainees and jail staff like police monitors. The code of morals will professionalize remedial intercessions, restorative choices, and associations between the detainees and jail staff. In addition, the code of morals will guarantee that detainees demonstration morally and ethically towards individual prisoners that will encourage the possibility of rehabilitation.â â
Blog Archive MBA News Women Filling More and More Seats at Business Schools
Blog Archive MBA News Women Filling More and More Seats at Business Schools Gender equality has long been a topic of heated discussion at business schools, and now some say things are changing rapidly. A recent Bloomberg Business article remarked that a notable number of top-ranked business schools have 40% or more women in their most recent incoming class. Forte Foundation, a nonprofit organization promoting business education for women, examined the schools further and found that women constituted only 32% of full-time MBA program enrollments just four years ago. Indeed, many top-ranked schools reported a higher volume of applications from women. At Dartmouth Collegeâs Tuck School of Business, for example, 7% more women applied last year compared to the previous one. As a result, Tuckâs Class of 2017 includes 42% womenâ"10% more than last year. âItâs very coed and everything feels equal, which is something I wanted when applying,â a first-year Tuck MBA candidate commented to Bloomberg. Share ThisTweet News
Wednesday, June 10, 2020
If the law would allow it Pragmatism and Absolutism in Measure for Measure - Literature Essay Samples
Shakespeareââ¬â¢s Measure for Measure explores concepts of moral law within an immoral setting and set upon by leaders with questionable morals. Measureââ¬â¢s Vienna is a setting where pragmatism and absolutism can compete both in the shadows and up front for the control of the cityââ¬â¢s system of justice regarding sexual immorality. The conflicts between these two thoughts of law are played through the characters of Angelo, Isabella, and the Duke. Shakespeare uses the apparent sexually immoral city as a backdrop for the change from absolutism to pragmatism to parallel the need for the characters themselves to change from one to the other. One could argue that this dark comedy vindicates the idea of pragmatism towards issues of sexual immorality, rather than absolutism, but Julia Lupton points out that the ending of the play seems to leave the reader on a questionable note, making way for the argument that Shakespeare might have been titling pragmatism as the lesser of two evils, but perhaps not absolutely vindicating for either school of thought regarding the law, especially in cases where corruption seems to have a hold like it does in Vienna. Nevertheless, Measure for Measure follows the transformation of an administration and society from absolutism to pragmatism, setting the latter above the other when it comes to law regarding sexual morality, while still casting a skeptical eye towards the validity of governing under ââ¬Å"consent in reserveâ⬠. Measure for Measureââ¬â¢s Vienna and the people who are represented in it play a vital role in why there is a change from absolutism to pragmatism within the plot. There seems to be rampant sexual immorality, which no one is quite sure how to control, or whether they should control it. Pompey says in Act 4, ââ¬Å"I am as well acquainted here as I was in our house of profession. One would think it were Mistress Overdoneââ¬â¢s own house, for here be many of her old customersâ⬠(90). Here, Pompey is calling out many of the courtroomââ¬â¢s inhabitants as being visitors of prostitutes. It can be understood why a city might stick itself under absolute rule under dire pressures, as the Duke says, ââ¬Å"We have strict statutes and most biting laws, / The needful bits and curbs to headstrong steeds, Which for this fourteen years we have let slip, Even like an oââ¬â¢ergrown lion in a cave / That goes not out to preyâ⬠(30). Here, it is said that Vienna has been acting c avalier about the rule of law, with the Duke choosing to rule by amoral relativism and finding it not to be working well for the deviance. Though these lines show the Duke vindicating the reasons that an absolutist take on the law is needed in Vienna, the language Shakespeare uses here describes how the people of Vienna might feel about it. To the people under the law, it would feel like a ââ¬Å"bitingâ⬠predator, as the Duke likens the law at its best to be. There needs to be rampant immorality in Vienna for the Dukeââ¬â¢s next lines on that page, ââ¬Å"For terror, not to use, in time the rod / Becomes more mocked than feared, so our decrees / Dead to infliction, to themselves are deadâ⬠to have grounding. If the people of Vienna were not indeed seeming to mock rather than fear the law as it stands, there would not be such a battle between absolutism and pragmatism. Angelo is described as an absolutist by many characters, such as when Lucio says, ââ¬Å"And with full line of his authority, / Governs Lord Angelo, a man whose blood / Is very snow broth; one who never feels / The wanton stings and motions of the sense, / But doth rebate and blunt his natural edge / With profits of the mind, study, and fastâ⬠(33). This is giving Angelo, and absolutism, quite a positive light, giving way to an argument that this kind of ruling can be perceived as needed to people in a setting such as this Vienna. There are far more instances where Angeloââ¬â¢s power seems to hint at corruption, however. He is described as a tyrannical such as when Claudio says, ââ¬Å"Whether it be the fault and glimpse of newness, / Or whether that the body public be / A horse whereon the governor doth ride, / Who, newly in the seat, that it may know / He can command, lets it straight feel the spur, / Whether the tyranny be in his place, Or in his eminence that fills it upà ¢â¬ (28). This is commenting on the fact that Angelo does not rule by the same relativism that the Duke once did. He ââ¬Å"letsâ⬠the city ââ¬Å"feel the spurâ⬠, enforcing even arbitrary laws for the sake of law. We see one such law when Pompey says, ââ¬Å"All houses in the suburbs of Vienna must be plucked downâ⬠(25). Shakespeare includes this example to show the extent to which Angelo is practicing his absolutism. Even when a law seems to be harming more than helping, Angelo feels he must enforce it. This prepares us for Angeloââ¬â¢s decisions on Claudio. Lucio says, ââ¬Å"He arrests him on it / And follows close the rigor of the statute / To make him an exampleâ⬠(33). This is an obvious use of arbitrary absolute power. This is a direct rejection of the apparent relativism that the Duke practiced beforehand, because it ensures that no one is to be spared, case by case, but that Claudioââ¬â¢s life will be struck down to make an example to everyone else in Vienna. The Corruption of this Absolutism Julia Lupton mentions in Citizen-Saints the corruption of governing within the means of ââ¬Å"consent in reserveâ⬠, meaning the citizens are not quite giving consent to whatââ¬â¢s happening. This is seen especially in regards to Isabella and the Dukeââ¬â¢s marriage, which we will see later on. It is easy to see the corruption in the examples of the Angeloââ¬â¢s absolutism. When Angelo says to Escalus, ââ¬Å"We must not make a scarecrow of the law, / Setting it up to fear the birds of prey, / And let it keep one shape till custom make it / Their perch and not their terror.â⬠(35) This is another example of Angelo denouncing relativism, which can make way for custom in the rule of law, but is also an indication that Angelo does not want the courts to be involved in law enforcement. This should give the characters pause, as a large portion of the action of this play happens inside a jail cell. An absolutist leader calling for an end to the courts in the rule of law screams corruption at anyone who is experienced with a democracy, and Shakespeare included these lines to criticize both absolutism and the corruption found in Angeloââ¬â¢s administration. Perhaps the biggest example of Angeloââ¬â¢s corruption is when he couples his absolutist ruling on the death of Claudio (ââ¬Å"It is the law, not I, condemn your brotherâ⬠(47)) with a sexual proposition to Isabella. He does this by asking, ââ¬Å"that there were / No earthly means to save him, but that either / You must lay down the treasures of your body / To this supposed, or else to let him suffer. What would you do?â⬠(57). This is not only a break from Angeloââ¬â¢s rule of absolutism, but corruption at its highest. He is using his absolute power and justice to put Isabella between her brotherââ¬â¢s death and the death of her sexual purity, which is very important to a somewhat moral absolutist like Isabella. The examples of the corruption of absolutism cannot be said to vindicate the Dukeââ¬â¢s standing, however. The Duke says outright, ââ¬Å"I have delivered to Lord Angelo, / A man of stricture and firm abstinence, / My absolute power and place here in Viennaâ⬠(29). The Duke, although he stands for pragmatism, gave Angelo this power after doubting the validity of his practice of relativism. This is an example of not only the government and community changing to a more pragmatic stance, but the characters as well. The Dukeââ¬â¢s PragmatismThought we can only know about his prior actions through comments made by him and others regarding the law before Angelo took power, the Duke is proven to be quite the pragmatist during the play. He says about Angelo, ââ¬Å"Shame to him whose cruel striking / Kills for faults of his own likingâ⬠¦ Craft against vice I must apply. / With Angelo tonight shall lie / His old betrothed but despised; / So disguise shall, by the disguised, / P ay with falsehood false exacting / And perform an old contractingâ⬠(79). He is not held back from harming his morality by lying and sneaking around, because he knows his actions will bring about mercy for Claudio and Isabella. The Duke disguises himself a Friar often in the play, as when he says to Juliet, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll teach you how you shall arraign your conscience, / And try your penitence, if it be sound / Or hollowly put onâ⬠(52). This can either be seen as corruption, similar to the actions of Angelo, or as reflections of mercy within the pragmatist standpoint. By reflecting the Duke as a Friar, even if he is disguising himself as one, Shakespeare is placing him in a position of moral soundness. Though the Duke may be exhibiting questioning morals when he lies about being a Friar, he is doing it for mercy towards Juliet and Claudio. The Duke is also entreated upon for moral soundness in the legal setting, as well. Isabella says to him, ââ¬Å"O gracious Duke, / Harp not on that, nor do not banish reason / For inequality, but let your reason serve / To make the truth appear where it seems hid, / And hide the false seems trueâ⬠(102). The continued moral portrayals Shakespeare gives of the Duke provides a foundation for the argument that the Dukeââ¬â¢s pragmatism is being propped up as, at least, the greater of the two schools of thought. Isabella seems to be absolutist in her belief for equal justice under the law and sexual morality in certain times of this play. For example, when Angelo asks her, ââ¬Å"Might there not be a charity in sin / To save this brotherââ¬â¢s life?â⬠as a justification for getting a favor from sex, she replies, ââ¬Å"Iââ¬â¢ll take it as a peril to my soul; / It is no sin at all, but charityâ⬠(56) and later says, ââ¬Å"As much for my poor brother as myself; / That is, were I under the terms of death, / Thââ¬â¢impression of keen whips Iââ¬â¢d wear as rubies, / And strip myself to death as to a bed / That longing have been sick for, ere Iââ¬â¢d yield / My body up to shameâ⬠(57). These lines show us how absolutist Isabella is about her sexual morality, which she could find reason for in the rampant sexuality immorality in the city. We see this again when she says to her brother, ââ¬Å"Might but my bending down / Reprieve thee from thy fate, it should proceed. / Iââ¬â¢ll pray a thousand prayers for thy death, / No word to save theeâ⬠(66). She is vehemently saying no to her brotherââ¬â¢s request here, for the sake of her absolutist belief in her morality. She does not share the relative thought of Claudio when he says, ââ¬Å"What sin you do to save a brotherââ¬â¢s life, / Nature dispenses with the deed so far / That it becomes a virtue.â⬠Lupton makes the argument that in sticking so firmly to her absolute morality, Isabella is ââ¬Å"electing her own chastity rather than the body of her brotherâ⬠(Lupton 140). This furthers the absolutist Isabella we see until she is given a justification by the Duke later on. We see an example of Isabellaââ¬â¢s legal absolutism when she says of her brotherââ¬â¢s crime, ââ¬Å"Thy sinââ¬â¢s not accidental, but a trade. / Mercy to thee would prove itself a bawd; / ââ¬ËTis best that thou diest quicklyâ⬠(66). This is an echo of Angeloââ¬â¢s idea that the law sho uld be applied to anyone who breaks it, and the punishment harsh. However, we see how easy it is for her change into a pragmatic way of thinking when she wants mercy for her brother, i.e. ââ¬Å"O Just but severe law!â⬠(45) or herself. She says to Angelo of her brotherââ¬â¢s death sentence, ââ¬Å"Yes, I do think that you might pardon him,/ And neither heaven not man grieve at the mercyâ⬠(46). Here, she is advocating for more mercy than justice. She also sees the need for relative thinking when she says to Angelo, ââ¬Å"O, it is excellent / To have a giantââ¬â¢s strength, but it is tyrannous / To use it like a giantâ⬠(48). By this, she is saying that it is difficult to have absolute power without using it with absolute corruption. She also says to Angelo, ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËTis set down so in heaven, but not in earthâ⬠(55). This is an important line because with it, Shakespeare is showing Isabellaââ¬â¢s reconciliation of her religion and her newfound pragmatism within herself. It is especially seen how quickly Isabella turns pragmatic when the Duke presents a way to use legalities to their benefit. The Duke says to Isabella, ââ¬Å"I do make myself believe that you may most uprighteously do a poor wronged lady a merited benefit, redeem your brother from the angry law, do no stain to your own gracious person, and much please the absent Duke, if peradventure he shall ever return to have hearing of this businessâ⬠(68) Isabella is instantly moved by this, saying back, ââ¬Å"Let me hear you speak further.â⬠By giving her a justification for an action that would otherwise be deemed quite sketchy by an absolutist, Isabella is swayed over to pragmatism. This is because she measures mercy higher than justice quite a lot of the time, especially in regards to her brotherââ¬â¢s sentence, so it is easy for her to justify relative morality when it involves enacting mercy. Shakespeare makes it so that mercy is what changes her mind on pragmatism to show that mercy is much more applicable to the Du ke and Isabellaââ¬â¢s pragmatism than it is to Angeloââ¬â¢s absolutism. Angelo returns to absolutism only to ask for death, saying, ââ¬Å"No longer session hold my upon my shame, / But let my trial be mine own confessions. / Immediate sentence then and sequent death / Is all the grace I begâ⬠(112). The guy is incredibly harsh on himself because his absolutist beliefs ring true even for himself. The death he asks for greatly juxtaposes with the life the Duke has granted through the play. Through his workings of pragmatism, the Duke grants life to Claudio and Juliet, and instead of death grants a marriage (however unwanted it may be) to Angelo and Mariana. As mentioned before, however, it is not sufficient to say that the ending makes this a vindication of the Dukeââ¬â¢s pragmatism on Shakespeareââ¬â¢s part. Another marriage the Duke proposes is one between he and Isabella. Lupton points out that we do not witness Isabellaââ¬â¢s reply. She writes, ââ¬Å"By leaving her response in question, I argue, the play ends with the startling spectacle of consent in reserve, bringing forward, suspending, and illuminating the element of mutual agreementâ⬠(Lupton 140). Pragmatism is given the better light at the end of the play, but by not giving a direct answer as to whether or not consent of the govern is being given, the corruption discussed earlier could be a stumbling block for Shakespeareââ¬â¢s absolute vindication of the Dukeââ¬â¢s practices. The battle between absolutism and pragmatism is explored in Measure for Measure in a personal and social way. Angelo swims into the waters of corruption because of personal flaws while striking down any rule breakers he governs with his absolute rule of law. The Duke and Isabella represent the pragmatist standpoint, putting straightaway morals into question for the overall good of their causes. After all is said and done, the pragmatists seem to win out, with the Duke being likened to true religious piety and moral upstanding and Isabella succeeding in saving her brotherââ¬â¢s life without sacrificing her sexual purity. However, the end, where we miss out on Isabellaââ¬â¢s response to the Duke reminds us that no skeptic such as Shakespeare can truly sign his absolute approval on a system like Vienna. In regards to this relativism, Isabella says, ââ¬Å"My brother had but justice, / In that he did the thing for which he died. / For Angelo, / His act did not oââ¬â¢ertake his b ad intent, / And must be buried but as an intent / That perished by the way. Thoughts are no subjects, / Intents but merely thoughtsâ⬠(115). Here, we find the reconciliation of the idea of absolutist justice with pragmatic mercy and customs. It is fitting that Isabella, who expresses ambivalence towards both rules of law in the play, deliver these lines. Works Cited Lupton, Julia. Citizen-Saints. Chicago: U of Chicago, 2005. Print. Shakespeare, William. Measure for Measure. Ed. David Bevington. New York: Bantam, 1980. Print.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Mary Wollstoncrafts, The Vindication of the Rights of Women
Mary Wollstoncrafts, The Vindication of the Rights of Women Mary Wollstoncrafts book, The Vindication of the Rights of Women, is an incredibly insightful look into the life of women in the early portion of this century. It is a philosophical examination of the condition of women, in relationship to some very basic rights, and is also a very enlightening look at how short a distance we really have come, as a society, in relationship to our perceptions of women. Wollstoncraft presents herself as an incredibly enlightened individual who looks at her gender as a subject which should be seen as reasonable creatures, rather than brutes or heroines. She begins her book with words which clearly illustrate her concerns: After consideringâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦They will be seen as marrying material, or spinster material, all of which revolves around the services the women can provide for the men and for reproduction purposes. Her intent in addressing this philosophical subject can be clearly seen in following address to the women: My own sex, I hope, will excuse me, if I treat them like rational creatures, instead of flattering their fascinating graces, and viewing them as if they were in a state of perpetual childhood, unable to stand alone. I earnestly wish to point out in what true dignity and human happiness consists. I wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings who are only the objects of pity, and that kind of love which has been
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Afrikaners in South Africa Overview and History
The Afrikaners are a South African ethnic group who are descended from 17th century Dutch, German, and French settlers to South Africa. The Afrikaners slowly developed their own language and culture when they came into contact with Africans and Asians. The word ââ¬Å"Afrikanersâ⬠means ââ¬Å"Africansâ⬠in Dutch. About 4 million people out of South Africaââ¬â¢s total population of 56.5 million (2017 figures from Statistics South Africa) are white, though its unknown if all identify themselves as Afrikaners. World Atlas estimates that 61 percent of whites in South Africa identify as Afrikaners. Regardless of their small number, Afrikaners have had a large impact on South African history. Settling in South Africa In 1652, Dutch emigrants first settled in South Africa near the Cape of Good Hope to establish a station where ships traveling to the Dutch East Indies (currently Indonesia) could rest and resupply. French Protestants, German mercenaries, and other Europeans joined the Dutch in South Africa. The Afrikaners are also known as the ââ¬Å"Boers,â⬠the Dutch word for ââ¬Å"farmers.â⬠To aid them in agriculture, the Europeans imported slaves from places such as Malaysiaà andà Madagascarà while enslaving some local tribes, such as the Khoikhoi and San. The Great Trek For 150 years, the Dutch were the predominant foreign influence in South Africa. However, in 1795, Britain gained control of the country, and many British government officials and citizens settled there. The British angered the Afrikaners by freeing their slaves. Due to the end of slavery, border wars with natives, and the need for more fertile farmland, in the 1820s, many Afrikaner ââ¬Å"Voortrekkersâ⬠began to migrate northward and eastward into the interior of South Africa. This journey became known as the ââ¬Å"Great Trek.â⬠The Afrikaners founded the independent republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State. However, many indigenous groups resented the intrusion of the Afrikaners upon their land. After several wars, the Afrikaners conquered some of the land and farmed peacefully until gold was discovered in their republics in the late 19th century. Conflict With the British The British quickly learned about the rich natural resources in the Afrikaner republics. Afrikaner and British tensions over the ownership of the land quickly escalated into the two Boer Wars. The First Boer War was fought between 1880 and 1881. The Afrikaners won the First Boer War, but the British still coveted the rich African resources. The Second Boer War was fought from 1899 to 1902. Tens of thousands of Afrikaners died due to combat, hunger, and disease. The victorious British annexed the Afrikaner republics of Transvaal and the Orange Free State. Apartheid The Europeans in South Africa were responsible for establishing apartheid in the 20th century. The word ââ¬Å"apartheidâ⬠means ââ¬Å"separatenessâ⬠in Afrikaans. Although the Afrikaners were the minority ethnic group in the country, the Afrikaner National Party gained control of the government in 1948. To restrict the ability of ââ¬Å"less civilizedâ⬠ethnic groups to participate in government, different races were strictly segregated. Whites had access to much better housing, education, employment, transportation, and medical care. Blacks could not vote and had no representation in government. After many decades of inequality, other countries began to condemn apartheid. The practice ended in 1994 when members of all ethnic classes were allowed to vote in the presidential election. Nelson Mandela became South Africaââ¬â¢s first black president. The Boer Diaspora After the Boer Wars, many poor, homeless Afrikaners moved into other countries in Southern Africa, such as Namibia and Zimbabwe. Some Afrikaners returned to the Netherlands, and some even moved to distant places such as South America, Australia, and the southwestern United States. Due to racial violence and in search of better educational and employment opportunities, many Afrikaners have left South Africa since the end of apartheid. About 100,000 Afrikaners now reside in the United Kingdom. Current Afrikaner Culture Afrikaners around the world have a distinct culture. They deeply respect their history and traditions. Sports such as rugby, cricket, and golf are popular. Traditional clothing, music, and dance are celebrated. Barbecued meats and vegetables, as well as porridges influenced by indigenous African tribes, are common dishes. Current Afrikaans Language The Dutch language spoken at the Cape Colony in the 17th century slowly transformed into a separate language, with differences in vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation. Today, Afrikaans, the Afrikaner language, is one of the 11 official languages of South Africa. It is spoken across the country and by people from many different races. Worldwide, about 17 million people speak Afrikaans as a first or second language, though first-language speakers are declining in number. Most Afrikaans words are of Dutch origin, but the languages of the Asian and African slaves, as well as European languages such as English, French, and Portuguese, greatly influenced the language. Many English words, such as ââ¬Å"aardvark,â⬠ââ¬Å"meerkat,â⬠and ââ¬Å"trek,â⬠derive from Afrikaans. To reflect local languages, many South African cities with names of Afrikaner origin are now being changed. Pretoria, South Africaââ¬â¢s executive capital, may one day permanently change its name to T shwane. The Future of the Afrikaners The Afrikaners, descended from hard-working, resourceful pioneers, have developed a rich culture and language over the past four centuries. Although the Afrikaners have been associated with the oppression of apartheid, Afrikaners today live in a multiethnic society where all races can participate in government. However, the white population in South Africa has been declining since at least 1986 and is expected to keep decreasing, as reflected in South Africa SA estimates of a loss of 112,740 coming between 2016 and 2021.
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Gender Roles And Expectations Of Men And Women - 1009 Words
Since the last few decades, there has been a trend of shift in roles and expectations of men and women. The shift was dynamic in the latter half of the twentieth century. World had been made a great stride in acquiring and adapting to the new definition of gender roles. These changes can be seen in the fields of education, media, economics as well as many other things. The reason for the change is a rapid increase in the number of women at workplaces-worldwide. Unlikely, this wave of change is not limited to developing countries. Initiated from the west; it is spreading all over the world. Gender roles can be described as the attitudes and behaviours expected of male and female members of a society by itself. Gender roles vary a lot. Different cultures impose different expectations upon the different genders of that culture. Older generations have historically held more traditional views on gender than young people and that is fortunate! From the past 50 years the world has experienced tremendous upheaval and revising of its traditions. The factors affecting the changes in gender role can be the carrier paths, education, marriage and upbringing of children. These changes in gender roles influence the environment in homes, offices, schools and eventually the whole society. Firstly, the ideology of gender role is mostly inherited from the guardians. Children learn from their parents. The way they teach- how to walk, eat, talk, behave, think andShow MoreRelatedGender Roles And Expectations Of Romanian Men And Women933 Words à |à 4 PagesUnder the rule of President Nicolae Ceausescu, the marginalization of women within socialist Romania was strengthened by the governmentââ¬â¢s denial of sexual liberation to women. In Ceausescuââ¬â¢s refusal to allow women governance over their bodies, restrictive reproductive policies that emphasized the femininity of women were created. 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A Doll s House By Trevor Hill - 745 Words
The Brigham Young University-Idaho Henrik Ibsen Series I chose to attend was A Dollââ¬â¢s House directed by Trevor Hill. The play was about Nora Helmer, set in the 1870ââ¬â¢s. She is a loving mother and wife to all who entered her home. When Mrs. Linde entered her household, a friend, before either of them were married, Nora trusted her with a secret she had been hiding for quite some time. Years previous, Torvald (Noraââ¬â¢s husband) fell ill, and the only way to save his life was to get treatment in Italy. To get Torvald his treatment she had to receive a loan from the bank. We learn later that the only way she could get the loan, was through a manââ¬â¢s signature. She asked her father to sign the required documents. When the contract for the loan comes to light, we find out that Nora forged her fatherââ¬â¢s signature, because he had passed away days before the papers were signed. Mr. Krogstad, the banker who gave her the loan, blackmails her for a better job. Torvald was recently promoted at the bank and has quite a bit of influence. Mrs. Linde and Mr. Krogstad were once in love, she uses that to persuade Krogstad to reconsider blackmailing Nora. They both agree to be together and Krogstad agrees to stop blackmailing Nora. Previously, he had written a letter explaining the situation to Torvald in their mailbox. Torvald reads the letter and is furious with Nora, demanding she never sees the children again, she will never leave the house. A moment later, the nanny comes in with a note from
Health Care Provider
Question: Discuss the comparison between Christianity to that of Buddhism. Buddhism Spiritual Perspective on Healing. Difference of Spiritual Beliefs between health care provider and patients. Answer: Introduction A health care provider mainly comes into contact with the different patient who belongs to different faiths on an everyday basis. It is imperative for the caregivers to understand the basic components of each of the faiths so as to provide the possible care to all the patients. As a result, it also important to ask the different patients about the faith and the role played by each faith in their health care as it is not possible to be acquainted with everything about each religion. The report provides an overview about the relationship of Buddhism with Christianity and how it is related with health and healing (Bergamo White, 2015) The teachings, which are related to Buddhism, are summarized mainly on the basis of do good, meditate and do no harm. Both Buddhism and Christianity recommend their followers to follow healing. Buddhists, on the one hand creates confidence via meditation that in turn is vital for the healing of the individuals. On the other hand, creates confidence through praying. This in turn, gives confidence to the individuals that God will heal. Worldview Question One of the most important worldwide questions is prime reality that is related to revelation of the personal God in the Holy Scriptures. According to this, the God is triune, supreme, good and immanent. The second question deals with the nature of the world around us. It shows that the world around is a manmade machine that is created by an intelligent designer for a purpose. The worldview question also deals with the fact that what happens to a human after death. In other words, when a body of a human dies it goes back to the dust of corruption. The possibility to know anything at all is another type of worldview question that is mainly the thought for all foundation (Murray, 2014). Different belief systems Comparison between Christianity to that of Buddhism Christianity Buddhism Christians have faith in God as the creator of all things in this world. They believe that person are conventional by God not since of actions but for the person in general (Child of God) Buddhism is a viewpoint of life that is preach by Gautama Buddha Gautama Buddha live as well as trained in Northern India in 6th century B.C. On God There is merely one factual God in Christianity It is referred since I am who I am In case of Buddhism, original Buddhist philosophy inculcates in theistic world-view Later, Godly figures were introduced On Salvation Deliverance is not purely based upon effort It is considered as liberated gift to all who believe Jesus Christ as their rescuer Buddhism considers as Man lives in his own fate as well as should not blame others in case of any difficult situation. It is required to work alone for attainment of salvation On Eternal Life Perpetual Life in paradise is promise to every human beings who believe this at no cost present of Salvation There is eternal living in Buddhism Individuals cannot be sure enough what his next life will end up being Entire thing depend upon Karma based upon his present life On Love Bible is filled by God teachings with love towards all human beings It is mentioned in the bible that He sent his only Son to die for our sins In Buddhism, there is no particular God for loving as well as taking care of its people Spiritual Perspective on Healing Health as well as disease considered as common experiences in human life and one of the special concern of religion. Religion upholds value of well-being as well as health for providing meaningful life for enhancing health and dealing with person vulnerability to illness, soreness and pain. Christianity Spiritual Perspective on Healing Spiritual healing is believed for channelizing healing as energy from God to individual from individuals. This direct is characteristically from a self but the basis of healing is by God (Northcott, 2011). Some of the significant things that will help in developing spiritual lifestyle are as follows: Participation in church worship on regular basis Reading as well as mediating Bible scriptures Praying regularly Spending time with God and helping others in need Buddhism Spiritual Perspective on Healing Buddhist worldview is holistic in nature as well as believed as interdependence of all mutual conditioned causes and effects. From Buddhist perspective, unique body includes both appearance and structure because of past Kamma (Graham, 2011). According to Buddhism, existence is exclusively kept for self-centered as well as self-pity for human beings. Buddhism encourages making use of body for higher purpose for attainment of highest goal known as nibbana. Buddhism views physical health for constituition of normal functioning of body as well as interrelated organs. Critical Components of Healing On critical analysis, it is found that Buddha encourages his disciples in looking after sick people. He said, He who attends the sick attends me. On the contrary, scriptural accounts of Jesus life and teachings repeat with references in healing others afflictions. Buddhism and Healthcare Teachings of Buddha speeded in India in and throughout Asia. It summarizes certain contemporary guidelines in related health issues. Therefore, Buddhism stresses on personal responsibility as well as motivation from precepts on training principles. This includes: Diet Fasting Ablutions and Toilet Blood Transfusion Family Planning Transplantation Christianity and Healthcare Prayers have shown significant affect in healing human beings in comparison with clinical experiments. Some of the experiments show positive effect of prayers and theses are as follows: Heart Attacks Anxiety High Blood pressure Wounds Headaches Difference of Spiritual Beliefs between health care provider and patients According to the person who belongs to Buddhism, his faith differs completely from the health care provider who belongs to Christianity. The individual will place a strong emphasis on mindfulness. In that case, he might request for peace and quiet in order to meditate when he will be in pain. However, the health care provider will focus on mainly sacraments and blessings. According to the health care provider, sacraments and blessings are very important when the patient will be in pain. The individual who belongs to Buddhism is strictly vegetarian that is, the Buddhist strictly refuses to consume any meat and animal by-product. They are even against any medication that is conducted by making the use of animals. The health-care provider, on the other hand who follows Christianity will request non-meat diets during the time of late-winter that is forty days before the Ester festival. Spiritual Learning Applied to Health Care Provider The health care providers here reflect the physicians as well as psychologists and other professionals that help in spiritual learning from the point of view of mortality, coping and recovery. These health care providers provide the medical attention while focusing on the spiritual attention for the patients as well to provide less distress in the physical mind for physical health. Mortality The health care providers use the concept of spiritual learning based on the increased incidence of the disease. It has been seen that the patients who are hypothesized based on religious commitments may not only help in maintain stress control but also offers better coping mechanisms, strength of personal values and better-off social support(GualdaniPegoli, 2014). Coping On the other hand, coping mechanism is the way to enable patients have a positive outlook and a better quality of life that not only highlight the essential part of existential domain but also provides spiritual beliefs that help the patients to cope with disease and death. For example, the patients with advanced cancer get comfort from religious and spiritual beliefs so that they can resort to happier and satisfied lives with less pain. However, health care providers support the patients by supporting them and by providing them with personal prayer mechanism for controlling pains caused by the pain medication, injections, touch or massage(Walton, 2012). Recovery When the health provider promises spiritual commitment the recovery seen in the patients from the illness is drastic because for the patients spirituality somewhere enables them to worry less. Moreover, the power of hope and positive thinking is the gateway from the pain that a patient possesses. However, according to Benson, to meet the patient physician relationship it is important that there are positive beliefs and expectation from the part of patients as well as physicians irrespective of the religion. Moreover, meditation is the other practice that not only gives hope and sense of recovery to health care providers but highlight the sense of recovery to treatments like insomnia, chronic pain, depression, premenstrual syndrome, anxiety, hostility, and infertility(King, et al., 2013). Conclusion To conclude, it can be said that there are different perspectives to different religions but when we consider Buddhism and Christianity, there are different standpoints that highlight the religious efficiency. Although, Christianity is the religion that believes in aspects of spiritual healing but Buddhism, on the other hand, provides the various prospects for spiritual healing and mindfulness like meditation. However, health care providers to some extent also believe in the notion of spiritual learning because it understands the connection of religious thinking with the patients health. Hence, the physician-patient relationship is maintained ensuring hope and positive thinking because somewhere spirituality based on the above analysis is not accompanies by particular religion. References Bergamo, D., White, D. (2016;2015;). Frequency of faith and spirituality discussion in health care.Journal of Religion and Health,55(2), 618-630. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0065-y Graham, P. (2011). The Visual Culture of Japanese Buddhism from the Early Modern Period to the Present.Religion Compass,5(8), 389-411. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-8171.2011.00294.x Gualdani, S. Pegoli, M. (2014). Spirituality in health care: The role of needs in critical care.Trends inAnaesthesiaand Critical Care,4(6), 175-177. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tacc.2014.09.003 King, S., Dimmers, M., Langer, S., Murphy, P. (2013). Doctors' Attentiveness to the Spirituality/Religion of their Patients in Pediatric and Oncology Settings in the Northwest USA.Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy,19(4), 140-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2013.829692 Murray, A. H. (2014).Grand central question : Answering the critical concerns of the major worldviews. Westmont: IVP Books. Northcott, M. (2011). The Evolution of Green Christianity.Journal For The Study Of Religion, Nature And Culture,5(3), 354-363. https://dx.doi.org/10.1558/jsrnc.v5i3.354 Walton, M. (2012). Assessing the Construction of Spirituality: Conceptualizing Spirituality in Health Care Settings.Journal of Pastoral Care Counseling: Advancing Theory And Professional Practice Through Scholarly And Reflective Publications,66(3), 1-16. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154230501206600307
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
I want to be better free essay sample
I dislike people saying , ââ¬Å" I lost myselfâ⬠because i know my identity is not lost , it just needs more uncovering. It is like rooted within you and when you say, ââ¬Å" I have myself., And my dreamsâ⬠. it is your chance to follow it until it dies out. Hello, my nameââ¬â¢s Tsering Dolkar. I am Just 16 at age, but I think I act the age of 20. I have my own simple experiences in life. Take for an example, my hyphenated existence. I am a Nepali, Tibetan and an Indian. This confusion right here, confuses me myself. Born in Nepal, raised up In India but my culture and heritage, I am purely a Tibetan. People do have a first impression of me being Chinese and I have went through it for at least three years now. It bothers me, but I cant do anything about it. Life in India was very harsh . We will write a custom essay sample on I want to be better or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Going to a private Christian school with high expenses, having thorough problems in the common household, sometimes suffocating to live in the same atmosphere for 15 years. Being absent for only a day, bringing a 40 in science, forgetting to do one homework meant so much trouble that you can ever imagine . The school fee going up each year , the price of text books and notebooks increasing surely meant my mom to work overnight in a restaurant or just selling more shawlââ¬â¢s on the rough roads in the cold chilly hills. This kind of small incidents did bring tears to my eyes sometimes, but I simply smiled it off and showed my gratitude by passing my 9th grade with a 98.9 average. I was a leader, follower and a teacher. Accepted my mistakes and tried not to do it again. Lived through dramas and I sucked my life up. After these kind of conditions , I left India and arrived to new York like a vague dream come true. My passion for psychology ,photography and creative writing built up new barriers. My opportunity to prove more of myself was purposively coming true. The day I joined hillcrest high school, I got a weird feeling to be a new person and a distant feeling to leave the old me. Making new friends took time, but one thing I noticed was, people came to me instead of me going for a friend hunt. Freshmen year took the whole part of me to a next level. My education skill increased and decreased. It was like some rocky road I was going through which kept shaking me off now and then. I simply enjoyed the ââ¬Å"newâ⬠freedom they have here . It didnââ¬â¢t take me long to get addicted to it. But still, I guess I had a little grip of myself and I thank my parents for it. It is also true , I slacked of a great deal, took my advantages for granted, generally threw my nature inside the garbage can , and never bothered to look at it, ever. Until I realized my grade was dropping from a 90 to a 70, that friends do not mean everything , fashion is not always your top priority and having your momââ¬Ës trust is something which you can live through it for life. I have responsibilities, and an example to show to my little brother. I have to fill others expectations and for once, to stop only thinking about myself. So this year, my junior year. I am participating in clubs and doing part time in community markets. I want to thrive myself , be independent, vanish the feeling of being a burden to my parents . I want to gain my Indian self back, The girl who got a 98.9. I want to be better. So in order to give me a second chance to be myself again, I want to go to college. I will go to college not just to party and have fun, but to pull myself one step closer to the destination I so greatly desire. I do have lofty dreams and the ambition to make them reality. I just need some more good guidance and an instrument to propel my fu ture which will make my life a song, and from which I can forever sing to it.
Wednesday, April 15, 2020
Broadcast Media Essay Topics
Broadcast Media Essay TopicsFor the most part, the best essay topics for broadcast media majors will fall under a variety of categories. The main ones are listed below.Students who are in the entertainment industry may be in one of two categories: either they are performing in plays or musicals, or they have been on television. If they are in the theatrical arts, they have a chance to showcase their talents through writing an essay for one of the many broadcast media essay topics that are available. They can also gain experience by getting signed up to write for a show or movie. If this happens, it is a good idea to choose one of the essay topics that are specifically for a particular production.An actor is a recent candidate for an essay topic that relates to what is considered a 'hobby.' Those in the TV and film industry can choose from these options when writing an essay for a broadcast media degree. A hobby can be anything ranging from any number of things like scrapbooking, knit ting, painting, or photography. No matter what the focus is, there are many possibilities for those who are writing their broadcast media essay topics. It will depend on the writer what he or she wants to talk about.Someone who wants to achieve fame and fortune within the broadcasting and media industry should consider an online broadcast media career. These are the people who are making a full time living from these types of careers. In fact, many are so successful that they end up developing very successful businesses that are also broadcast media. A good idea would be to take the time to research some of the online programs that offer instruction in this field.Public relations are another category that will have a specific focus. These types of media career options are best suited for those who are already established within the broadcast media industry. There are many ways to achieve success in this field. These include establishing your own PR firm, as well as taking courses in public relations.Those who are just starting out in broadcast media should focus on the issue of networking. This is especially important for those who are new in their industries. This is because the issue of networking has always been on the forefront for those who are just beginning in the industry. Whether you are working with a different company or promoting an event, it is necessary to network at all times.Businesses that work with advertising and marketing may find themselves dealing with the issue of advertising. As the owner of an advertising company, this is something that you should learn to do well. For those who are already experienced in the field, you may want to focus on the issue of making money through advertising. This includes finding different ways to get more involved in the advertising field, and how to market your company or business in such a way that it is able to market itself.These are some of the most popular essay topics for broadcast media majors. The y range from being a performer to making money, and everything in between. The right topic for you will depend on your personal interests and expertise, but you can be sure that there are many opportunities in this field.
Monday, April 13, 2020
Personal Essay Examples - How to Write a Great Essay For the College Board
Personal Essay Examples - How to Write a Great Essay For the College BoardWhen applying for a college, students are always urged to use personal essay examples from the college application to boost their grades. A personal essay can be an important part of the admissions process and will definitely help get your application noticed. The best way to write a great essay for this application is to utilize some of the available material at your disposal and then begin writing.There are many sources available for you to use for these essay examples. Many teachers and instructors have compiled their information into useful guidebooks for students to utilize. It is not uncommon for students to compile lists of sources that they can use for essays. An online search will allow you to find these essays at your convenience.These guides will normally contain lists of papers and essays that other students have written and also allow students to compile their own essays based on the material that their student's teacher has provided. These essays should be no different than the list of examples that you are provided with; however, you should be able to create a unique essay that reflects your personality and beliefs as a student.It is important to realize that personal essay examples from the college application will only apply to you if you are a student who applies to attend that particular college. If you are still applying to a university that you are already attending, then you will need to check with your advisor to see if there are any student essays that you can use. Many advisors like to see students showcase their writing skills and ability to write effective essays; therefore, it would not hurt to include a personal essay that you have written.If you are writing an essay to apply to a different school, or perhaps you are changing schools, then you will want to consider how your current course is progressing. Use this information to make your application stand out from the rest. Another option is to write a section that highlights what your professors have to say about your coursework.This will help to inspire students to pursue a career in the sciences and give future professors something to talk about. Although this is not a requirement for admission, it certainly can help to add a personal touch to your college application. Although this can be a great strategy for you, it may not be the best choice for someone who is already planning on attending a certain school.Your personal essay examples may include your family history, religion, interests, friends, or any other type of information that may be relevant to your decision-making process. The idea is to make your essay very personal and add something special to your college application. Many schools like to see students who are able to express themselves in a unique and personal way, so they are going to ask for this.Most schools will want to see that you can write a good essay when you a pply and most personal essay examples will look great. However, make sure you use them properly. Use your resources for tips and guidance and then start writing!
Saturday, April 11, 2020
Your Proposed Essay Should Not Be Unrelated to Your Field
Your Proposed Essay Should Not Be Unrelated to Your FieldIf you are looking for ideas on how to write a proposal essay, then there are some topics that you do not have to research. The most popular topic of these are the basics of education. However, if you do not research and write a proposal essay, you can only see how the same topic can be written with a different topic. On the other hand, if you really have a clear and detailed idea on the topic, then you can also know which subjects are out of your research.The topic is an important part of an essay. It is what is written and what is not written. If you do not research, then you will not know where to start or where to stop. You need to research all of the topics so that you will be able to know where to end your proposal essay. A good idea to start off is to research about the topics of your topic.To start off, you should research the basics of education. What does it mean? Education can mean anything that can teach you somethi ng. Once you research basic terms such as grammar, vocabulary, reading, math, and others, you can start researching about topics that do not require you to learn something. With this, you will be able to know the topics you want to write.Another thing that you should research is about the subjects that do not require you to study. These subjects are those that do not require you to read, write, or study. You can make these topics yourself or even ask someone else for assistance. With this, you will be able to know how to create a topic to fit what you want to say in your proposal essay.Another good idea is to research about a topic that will make you learn something. Since you are doing research, you will be able to know the different things that you should do in order to complete the course. For example, you will be able to find out what needs to be done during the school year.When it comes to reading, writing, and studying, there is another good idea. This is to research a topic t hat is related to your field. You will be able to find out the topics that are related to your area of interest. However, you will have to research about the topics that are related to the industry you want to work in.There are a lot of topics that you can research and that you will be able to know. However, it is best to find out about the basics first before you start doing research. With this, you will be able to have a good idea of what to research and what to not research. For better writing, you will know where to start and where to end your proposal essay.
The Concept of Marriage in Henrik Ibsenââ¬â¢s A Doll House free essay sample
The very concept of marriage has been used in different literatureà works, and it has been displayed through various perspectives and techniques. In his work A Dollââ¬â¢s House, Henrik Ibsen usesà the ideas ofà role playingà to depict the concept of marriage in both its conventional and contemporary setting. The key characters in the play develop false traits at the beginning instead of being their true selves. The persona whose role play is nearly perfect in showing the different faces of a typical marriage is Nora. She happens to be Torvaldââ¬â¢s loving and childish wife, and surprisingly,à isà a strong and autonomous woman. In the development of the play, Noraââ¬â¢s character changes from that of the everyday carefree, playful, trophy wife as seen by Torvald and friends, to that of an independent, enthusiastic, and self-sustaining woman. à The role play of the double lives of Nora illustrates the transformation of gender roles in a non-committal marriage. We will write a custom essay sample on The Concept of Marriage in Henrik Ibsenââ¬â¢s A Doll House or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The character of Nora and various ideas on the concept of marriage change through the entire plot of the play. Noraââ¬â¢s first impression on the audience is of an obedient, money-loving, childish wife. She starts by exemplifying the conventional feminine standard of her time. Noraââ¬â¢s outlook of life and way of thinking revolve around her financial conditions and material wealth. At the beginning of the play, Nora is going home from a shopping trip and gets to her house with an ââ¬Å"armload of packagesâ⬠(Ibsen 43). As Torvald, Noraââ¬â¢s husband, gets to the apartment, Nora asks him for cash to ââ¬Å"hang the bills in gilt paperâ⬠for the Christmas tree decoration (Ibsen 45). She pays double for the same item as she tells the boy escorting her to keep the change. Nora becomes more and more selfish and claims that even in the case something happens to Torvald after she has borrowed money, ââ¬Å"it just wouldnââ¬â¢t matterâ⬠(Ibsen 44).à The author also paints Nora as being a powerless woman limiting herself through male-controlled expectations, which indicates a womanââ¬â¢s gender role as that of a wife and mother. In the first act, Nora seems to just want money from her husband Torvald. In the first encounter with Torvald after showing him what she just bought for their kids, she does not waste any timeà in asking for money for decorating the festive gift. When asked what she wanted for Christmas, she simply said ââ¬Å"moneyâ⬠manifesting a trait of selfishness. It is striking how Torvald responds to the demands of Nora as if she were a play toy or even a pet when he addresses her by saying, ââ¬Å"my little lark mustnââ¬â¢t droo p her wings like that. What? Is my squirrel in the sulks?â⬠(Ibsen 842).à The imagery of giving her money is mirrored to an interaction involving aà grown grandparent giving money to his precious and favorite young granddaughter. This ââ¬Ëtreatmentââ¬â¢ makes Nora appear like a favorite play toy to Torvald than that of an equal partner in marriage. The author gives the audience little knowledge of Noraââ¬â¢s character and only depicts her role as that of a merely woman dependent on her husband in her household.Furthermore, the role play of Nora and the attitude to marriage change due to the events, which occur in the narration. The author develops the theme by enabling the audience to learn of a historic event involving the sickness of Torvald that was salvaged by the main character, Nora. In order to pay for a trip to Italy to save Torvaldââ¬â¢s life,à Nora forced to take a loan fromà a rich shylockà known as Mr. Krogstad.à There is a little subtlety at that time asà Nora not only got this loan behind her husbandââ¬â¢s back, but also, in the legal process of obtaining it, was forced due to the circumstances to forge a signature so that she could obtain the money in time to save her husbandââ¬â¢s life. It is striking that after Nora was able to get the loan, her friend, Mrs. Linden, is concerned and advises that ââ¬Å"a wife canââ¬â¢t borrow money without her husbandââ¬â¢s consentâ⬠(Ibsen 848). This issue implies that Nora is not only a complete money-loving wife who just follows every instruction given by her husband, but she is also a prepared and strong-minded person who does what it takes for the best of her loved ones in her marriage.The plot develops further and becomes increasingly interesting when the audience discovers that Mr. Krogstad is one of the employees of Torvald at the bank, and Torvald plans to fire Krogstad. The latter one uses his knowledge ofà Noras forgery to blackmail her to keep his job. He does so by insinuating that if she does not persuade her husband, Mr. Torvald, not to fire him, Krogstad would expose their little secret to Torvald and everyone else about her forged signature, which would have legal consequences for Nora. Noraââ¬â¢s burden becomes significant, owing to her knowledge of her husbandââ¬â¢s disgust towards dishonesty and debt and eventual fear of ruining her marriage and tainting her familyââ¬â¢s image.à She knows that Mr. Torvald is a responsible man and will take full responsibility for her actions. The revelation of this secret to the audience completely changes the perception of who Torvaldââ¬â¢s wife, Nora, truly is and also leaves the audience in a state of transient confusion and suspense. The love for the character by the audience is betrayed at this point, and the author suspends the readers in preparation for the climaxing characterization of Nora after expositing her secret. This secret, later on, develops a brand new character full of strength, the one taking full responsibility and accountability of her own actions and bearing her new burden, not of the secret, but of making her wrongs right. She not only becomes independent but also pays back for her debt earlier by saving half the money she was being given for clothes and is also involved in a part-time job of ââ¬Å"a heap of copying booksâ⬠(Ibsen 849). She spends years of her life paying back the debt by working without letting others know of the troubles she undergoes. The money she got earlier had not been used for clothes or drinks but for saving her husbandââ¬â¢s life. The fact that concealing the reality from her husband was not a marriage strengthening act but a choice to face the consequences of her actions is mind-blowing to the audience, and they fall in love with her even more.à What is more, instead of telling Torvald that this money was used to salvage his life, which would forever make Torvald indebted to her, she chooses to work with the little she could earn. This fact shows integrity, determination, and the will of a character that would make a foundation for a solid marriage and family.When Noraââ¬â¢s role changes, her perception of herself and her husband also alters. When Torvald discoversà the debt and forgery attributing to Nora, he furies at her. At this point, Nora finally understands that she has not been herself throughout her marriage with Torvald. She secures the position on her actions by saying that, ââ¬Å"When I look back on it nowâ⬠¦ I lived by performing tricks for you, Torvald. But you would have it soâ⬠(Ibsen 885). It is clear to her now that she has been nothing more than a means of entertainment to her husband. Torvald critiqued her for her childish behavior, and Nora had clarity in her reflection that shows that her husband is not what she expected him to be, and despite her heroic self-sacrifice, he shows a sulky and cowardly desire for self-protection.Noraââ¬â¢s ultimate decision to leave her house asserting that she must learn about herself and get educated is perceived as a right decision by the readers. Nora is now depicted as a self-confident person who knows that one needs not to blindly follow everything he or she is said to.à She now knows that there are aspects of society and its conventional values that she does not agree with and might be wrong about. She then rejects Torvaldââ¬â¢s offer of teaching her because she is conscious that she has to educate herselfà or at least find herself independently of him. She also acknowledges that serious issues were never part of their chats, supporting that he is not right to teach her, notwithstanding the fact that he has been l ooking down upon her since met.In the end, Nora becomes a strong-willed independent woman who knows what she wants. The protagonist is not only Ibsenââ¬â¢s pitcher to a potential strong character in women but also serves the purpose of painting women as equal human beings to men.à Noraââ¬â¢s trait also identifies that there are some aspects of society which might be incorrect such as the perception that women are the weaker gender than men; even the legal frameworks of those days may illustrate this issue. The unraveling of the secret of Nora is the utter-mark of the lesson learntà about self-realization and her character definition.à Superficially, she appears as a beautiful, fun toy to her husband, father, and even to her friend Mrs. Linden. It is only through the revelation of her secret life that they start to appreciate her more thanà justà theà beautiful girl that she is. The new side she turns enables Nora to show that she has the capacity to do work, to withstand colossal issues, and to do things when she is determined. It is this secret life that eventually leads to her being freed from the doll house, as she calls it, and ultimately allows her to live without being afraid to study and learn about herself and society. Work Cited Ibsen, Henrik. A Dolls House. Damrosch, David, and David L Pike.à The Longman Anthology of World Literature. Trans. William Archer. 2nd Edition. Vol. E. Pearson Education, 2009. 840-888.
Tuesday, March 10, 2020
The Scarlet Letter Study Guide
The Scarlet Letter Study Guide Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter, is a classic of early American literature. Written at a time when American cultural identity was starting to develop, the author portrays a believable representation of a Puritan colony during the nationââ¬â¢s earliest days. The book tells the story of Hester Prynne, a woman in 17th century Boston- then known just as the Massachusetts Bay Colony- who is forced to wear a scarlet ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠on her chest as punishment for having a baby out of wedlock. Through the story of Hester, Hawthorne explores the community as a whole and the norms and mores under which it operates. Fast Facts: The Scarlet Letter Title: The Scarlet LetterAuthor: Nathaniel HawthornePublisher: Ticknor, Reed FieldsYear Published: 1850Genre: Historical fictionType of Work: NovelOriginal Language: EnglishThemes: Shame and judgment, public vs. private, scientific and religious beliefsMain Characters: Hester Prynne, Arthur Dimmesdale, Roger Chillingworth, PearlNotable Adaptations: The 2010 teen comedy film ââ¬Å"Easy A,â⬠starring Emma Stone was partially inspired by the novel.Fun Fact: Nathaniel Hawthorneââ¬â¢s last name originally didnââ¬â¢t contain the ââ¬Å"w,â⬠but he added it to distance himself slightly from his familyââ¬â¢s past. Plot Summary In mid-17th century Boston, then known as the Massachusetts Bay Colony, a woman named Hester Prynne is made to stand on a scaffold in the town square and endure abuse for several hours as punishment for birthing a child out of wedlock. The townspeople heckle her and implore her to reveal the childââ¬â¢s father, but she refuses. While this occurs, a stranger arrives in the colony and watches from the back of the crowd. When Hester is brought to her cell, the stranger visits her, and it is revealed that the man is her presumed dead husband from England, Roger Chillingworth. Onceà Hester is released from jail, she lives alone with her daughter, Pearl, and dedicates herself to needlepointing. She lives in isolation from the rest of the community, which has scorned her. As Pearl grows up, she develops into a rambunctious young child, so much so that members of the town say that she should be removed from her motherââ¬â¢s care. Upon hearing this, Pearl makes an impassioned plea to the governor, who rules in her favor after the popular town minister, Arthur Dimmesdale, speaks to support her. While Hester is living alone with Pearl, Dimmesdale, whose health has begun to deteriorate, has found a new roommate: Chillingworth- who, as a physician, was assigned to take care of the beloved minister. This poses a problem for Dimmesdale, who is desperate to hide his shame from the rest of the community. At one point, though, the doctor sees a dark mark on the priestââ¬â¢s chest. Later, Dimmesdale is out walking one night, and winds up at the scaffold, where he reflects that he cannot bring himself to admit his guilt. He runs into Hester and Pearl. They talk and Hester reveals that she will tell Chillingworth the identity of Pearlââ¬â¢s father. This sends Dimmesdale into an even deeper depression, and he ultimately reveals himself to be Pearlââ¬â¢s father in front of the town upon the scaffold, shortly after giving one of his most rousing sermons. He then dies in Hesterââ¬â¢s arms. Hester moves back to England (though she ultimately returns) with Pearl, who receives a large inheritance from Chillingworth upon his death. Major Characters Hester Prynne. Hester is the protagonist and wearer of the eponymous totem. She is a very independently minded woman, as evidenced by her committing adultery and her behavior after the fact. She is also a morally upright person in general- as opposed to the rest of the townspeople who believe themselves to be but arenââ¬â¢t. She eventually works her way back, somewhat, into the townââ¬â¢s good graces through her deeds, and ultimately rejects both of her suitors in favor of blazing her own trail. Arthur Dimmesdale. Dimmesdale is the townââ¬â¢s beloved minister, a public role he uses to shield his private involvement in an affair with Hester. Throughout the book he feels deep guilt and inner conflict over his behavior and public deceit- which ultimately kills him. Roger Chillingworth. Chillingworth is Hesterââ¬â¢s older husband from England, but he did not come over with her, and is presumed dead by Hester, making his arrival quite surprising. He is a physician by trade, and is therefore assigned by the town to take care of Dimmesdale when his health begins to worsen. Pearl. Pearl is Hesterââ¬â¢s (and Dimmesdaleââ¬â¢s) daughter, and, as such, is the living embodiment of Hesterââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"guiltâ⬠- and of her love and goodness, too. Pearl is often referred to as devilish, and at one point the townspeople try to have her taken away from Hester as further punishment. She never learns her fatherââ¬â¢s identity, or the meaning of the ââ¬Å"A.â⬠à Major Themes Shame and Judgment. From the very beginning, the colony judges Hester and makes her feel ashamed for her actions, even though she was just following her heart and didnââ¬â¢t really hurt anybody. Dimmesdale, too, feels shame for his role in the affair, but he isnââ¬â¢t judged for it, since it remains a secret to all but him and Hester. Public vs. Private. Hesterââ¬â¢s role in the affair is very public, and she is, therefore, punished very cruelly for it. Dimmesdale, on the other hand, escapes punishment because his role is unknown. As a result, she must bear her burden outwardly, which is painful no doubt, but she can exorcise it, whereas Dimmesdale must keep it to himself, which ultimately kills him. Scientific and Religious Beliefs. Through the relationship between Dimmesdale and Chillingworth, Hawthorne explores the differing roles in Puritan society of science and religion. The story is set at a time just before the Scientific Revolution, so it is still a deeply religious community. This can be seen through Dimmesdale, who is quite popular and an established authority figure, as opposed to Chillingworth, who is an outsider and new to the colony.à Literary Style The novel is framed by an opening story, ââ¬Å"The Custom-House,â⬠in which the narrator, who bears many biographical similarities to Nathaniel Hawthorne, tells of his time working at the customs house in Salem. There he discovers a scarlet ââ¬Å"Aâ⬠and a manuscript that tells of the happenings in the colony a century earlier; this manuscript then forms the basis of the novel, which is written by the narrator of ââ¬Å"The Custom-House.â⬠The book creates a convincing representation of life in one of Americaââ¬â¢s earliest communities, and makes use of the lexicon of that time. About the Author Nathaniel Hawthorne was born in 1804 in Salem, Massachusetts, to an old Puritan family; one of his ancestors was the only judge involved in the Salem Witch Trials who never repented his actions. Hawthorneââ¬â¢s work, which focused mostly on life in New England, was part of the Romanticism movement, and usually contained dark themes and love affairs, and deeply moral and complex psychological portraits. He is considered a pioneer of American literature and one of the nationââ¬â¢s greatest novelists.
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