Mr. Sun

module Code PM002 Class/Group Group C Module Title inquiry Design and Critique Assessment Full Research Proposal Assignment Title An probe into the incidentors that invite the Glaswegian overts option of machine. Student ID Number 2059626 Date of Submission noneember 29th, 2012 An investigation into the factors that order the Glaswegian earthly concerns extract of machine. Rationale The numeral of automobiles had risen to over 1 billion vehicles all the world in 2010, which is 20 clocks much than this do in 1986(Sousanis, John,2011).Car plays a all-important(a) role in todays society, according to a survey from World Bank(2011), the number of ownership of motor vehicles per 1,000 people is much than 500 in nigh of developing countries, e special(a)ly for Monaco, the number was 908(World Bank Data,2009). Although railroad gondola automobiles sustain pose much and more commonplace, but the cars atomic number 18 still expensive commodity, too thither is no do ubt that the final decisions atomic number 18 unremarkably made afterward c arful consideration when people get a car(Kathuria, Singla,2012). At the similar period, as the vehicle types supplied to be chosen by consumers have become more and more various.When consumer facing with abundant of choices, they become more and more confuse and irresolute. With the segmentation of automobile trade, the factors that conciliate believe the public car choices are more and more diversified. According to C show upon et al. (2006), various studies have utilise hedonic damage modeling to show that value variation among new cars skunk be explained by differences in key product characteristics much(prenominal) as horsepower, locomotive locomotive engine capacity, speed, and safety features. However, these measur competent variables whitethorn non be the important instructive factors which give influence the choice of consumers.Based on the above mentioned content, this researc h depart focus on the decisive factors which will impact the publics final choice of car, especially in the Glasgow area due to investigations and studies in the field will be carried out and conducted in this city. Its results would probably benefit to car dealers and consumers. peculiarly for car manufacturers, they can according to consumer resources to redesign and improve vehicles to gain fail market performance. 1. What are the choices the public have when secureing a car? 2. What are the main factors influencing publics choices? . What variables affect these factors? Annotate Bibliography Banerjee,S. (2010) ,Study on Consumer Buying Behavior During grease ones palms of a Second Car , daybook of Marketing & Communication ,6 (2),4-13. This essay describes that for different types of automobiles, the main factors affect consumers bribe is slightly different in choosing a particular dirt is always unintellectuald on the different set of consumers towards various orient ation parameter. For different market segments of vehicle, dimensions are different. A successful car put up has had to accept and adopt these dimensions.In addition, the author also pointed out that on that point are many common factors influence the publics choice mingled with consumers to buying a irregular car and purchasing the first one, but on that point are some obvious differences between them. For example, functional level factor such as car efficacy and usefulness are main concerns for second car buyers. Moreover, this expression also mentioned that a high up level of enthronisation in advertising and promotional activities may not be able to guarantee a high percentage of repeat purchase. However, a long-term stable customer relationship will probably increase the hazard of second time purchase.This journal is core groupively to analysis interrelationship between consumers first car and second car, and common facts which seem to influence the publics purchase behavior. The survey uses a probability consume approach conducted with the passenger car owners in India with 525 samples. However, in this article, the author does not mention the relationship and importance between satisfaction of customers on the second-hand rate of the first car and loyalty for choosing the second-hand car, because a high level of satisfaction, may bring referral and repeat purchase.Randol E. Bucklin, S. Siddarth, Jorge M. Silva-Risso,(2008), Distribution Intensity and forward-looking Car woof,JOURNAL OF MARKETING RESEARCH, Vol. XLV, 473-496. This journal demonstrate that the relationship between 4S shops scattering flashiness of cars and imperfection new car buyers choices in the U. S. automobile market. Different from price, effect of advertising, promotional activities and other factors, distribution intensity changes relatively slow, but the distribution intensity will be affected some variables, thereby index affect decisions of consumers buying c ars.Additionally, this article used information on the U. S car sales transactions gave by the Power Information Ne iirk, which include the accurate geographic locations of consumers and dealers. Non-probability sampling mode was used in 55 4S shops as a samples. Dealer accessibility, dealer concentration and dealer get around would determine distribution intensity and then will largely affect the choice of the people for the car smears.This journal is relevant to the topic of this research, firstly it provides information around what factors will influence the publics choice of car, secondly it shows how the threesome main variables influence the distribution intensity of severally brand, so that influence the publics choice of car. However, this regard focuses on only the distribution intensity about car dealers, makes no onset to differentiate between various different types of car, and the conclusion might not suitable for the niche car brands. Beside this, the author m ight overlook the fact that distribution intensity ontributes to high-end car brands. Dharmaraj,C. , Clement,S. J. ,(2010). Brand Preference Factors of Passenger Cars An falsifiable Assessment, Indiana University Press, The IUP daybook of Brand Management, 7(3),19-33. This article mainly analyzes the factors which will influence consumers automotive brand preference. According to the authors case, performance of passenger cars are considered as the close to important factor which might dominate consumers preference, especially for manly consumers, but economic abilities are the bases of the preference.In addition, the marketing communication strategy of a car will also largely affect the overall decisions of consumers. In conclusion, the comprehensive strength of a car, such as safety factor, industrial design, stability, scientific and technological content, durability, daily use cost, re-sale order , fuel consumption, creature comforts and so on, each of them is factor infl uence people s preference and choice of car. This study is highly relevant to the topic of this research and demonstrates most of factors that will influent consumer purchase preference comprehensively and systematically.Although this survey hoard data using questionnaires from 712 car buyers/owners by simple random sampling, there is not any variables about the respondents are addressed. In addition, the author offers no explanation for the distinction between Indian car market and essential countries market, the simple random sampling method was conducted in a midsize Indian city. Therefore, it is slightly possible that the survey result might not cave in for city of Glasgow. Baltas,G. , Saridakis,G. 2009),Brand-name effects, segment differences, and product characteristics an integrated model of the car market, Journal of harvest-home & Brand Management, 18(2), 143 -151. This article discusses that price of car is a main factor influence the publics choice, and the price bu ilding of new car market is determined by automobile characteristics, brand effects, and segment differences. A hedonic price experimental model is intentional and implemented that includes brand-name heterogeneity and functional characteristics.In addition, another extensive dataset model is applied to support the brand effects and hypotheses of segment differences. According to these two models, in mainstream car market, the functional characteristics determines automobile prices largely , however in high-end car market, incremental value is added to a car because its brand value , so the connotation of the brand value decide the price of prestige brands cars in large extent. The findings of this article include relevant information to this research. Firstly, it is a slap-up probability that price of car is one of key facts which influence the publics choice.This article demonstrates that there are at least three reasons determine the structure of automobile prices, and analyzes the variables and decisive factors of prices in mainstream segments and high-end segments respectively. However, the research focuses on many of the variables affecting the price of car and does not take into bank bill other factors such as the industrial design of a car and the impact of marketing strategies. At the homogeneous time, mentioned in the text, the implicit brand value will affect car prices, thereby affecting consumers choice, but it is possible that the brand price is difficult to be quantified accurately.Kathuria,L. M. , Singla,V. ,(2012) leveraging of Pre-Owned Small Cars in India An Exploratory Study, The IUP Journal of Marketing Management, 11(2),63-75. This study highlights that the main factors impacting the buying choice of second hand small vehicle were purchasing power constraint, high cost-effective, improve driving skills, desire for car , high resale price, good quality of after-sales service, brand public praise and easy to maintenance. Additionally, f amilies who inadequacy to buy new four-wheelers to replace old two-wheelers should be seen as a new market segment might be targeted for selling cars.This article contributes to understand different and similar factors between people buying a new small car and pre-owned car. Nevertheless, the article was just focus on small vehicle with a specification requirements of aloofness? 4 meters and with an engine displacement? 1,500 cubic centimeters (cc) for diesel and petrol, therefore, the universality of the research results might have certain limitations. Methodology As can be seen from previous studies and link up sources, the factors affecting peoples choice can be divided into two part to analysis respectively.The one part is factors that influence people to buy a new car and the other is factors that influence people to choose a used car. Moreover, the new car dealers and used car markets are also often separated. Therefore, an explanatory study to illustrate the relationship between the consumer preferences and purchase factors by using a quantitative method is essential. In addition , the relationship between these two parts, as well as the collateral and negative effects of factors of two parts would be explored with exploratory study concluded by a qualitative method.In modern societies, the number of car owners is very legion(predicate), so within a short period of time to collect the data information from a large population base which is very important and not very easy. Although a case study strategy could be used to explore a contemporary phenomenon in its real life context, but it may take more time and lack breadth which makes it hard to generalize results (Saunders et al. 2009 141-154). Beside this, survey data usually comes from standardizing academic investigating behaviors and tools, so that might make results more imperative and reliable.Therefore, survey is a suitable research strategy for this research. According to Bryman (2012) poin ts out that quantitative research may sometimes be untrusted because the data can be artificial and spurious. Because of there is a very numerous number of car owners, so a non-probability sampling would be used in this research. As here are almost 700,000 people who lived in the city of Glasgow, that means the sample size might bigger, a questionnaire is a data collection technique in which each person responds to the same set of questions, so questionnaire is more suitable for this research.Although the non-standardised interviews as a method is good for demonstrating the reasons for the decisions and attitudes of research participants (Saunders et al. 2009, 361), it would take too much time, also man and material resources. Ethic issues are defined as a stance or problem that needs people or organization to make a choice between options that must be evaluated as untimely (unethical) or right (ethical)(Business Dictionary,2012).According to the British Sociological Association( 20042), the social research projects are designed and conducted, ethical issues are necessary to be taken into consideration. In this research, the non-maleficence which contains physical and indirect harm is the cornerstone of all the ethical issues in the research (Saunders, el at. 2007 181). In addition, the violation face-to-face privacy and the shield of confidentiality may be the potence ethical issues.Maximum extent to avoid the detail of these ethical concerns, before the implementation of the access section of research, questionnaire participants will be intercommunicate firstly,the purpose of this research, their participation is valuable, the results of the research may contribute to R & D and sales of new cars so that they can have a more suitable vehicle and a better car user experience Secondly, respondents participate in this research follow the principles of voluntary and informed consent, whenever and wherever they can withdraw(Saunders et al, 2009193) Thirdly, participants do not have to worry about their personal information will be faced with rick of leakage, because the questionnaire are anonymous.In addition, as car is a expensive commodity, questions on questionnaire about personal income and household economic situation of participants should be avoided, so as not to violate their privacy. Beside this, most of purchase of cars are family behavior, taking into account the special circumstances of some families, such as divorce, therefore the marriage perspective should avoid being asked, so as not to cause irritation of participants. As Golafshani(2003598) points out that the reliability is to ensure the consistency of research data collection and analysis. The risk of collecting data may do hurtful to research reliability mainly relies on participants.According to Bell(2010151), participants may finish the questionnaires inaccurately because of many reasons such as bad mood or time limited. If the participants are too excited or in a hurry, there is a small mishap that they fill the questionnaire patiently that would result in the data lacking of reliability, thereby affecting the consistency of collecting data. To net this problem, use of internet-mediated questionnaires may be more effective, because of the respondents could complete the online questionnaire whenever and wherever they would like. The length of the questionnaire and the use of professional vocabulary may also are potential factors which may influence the research reliability.Advice from Bellk(2006325), questionnaire is designed no more than two pages may contribute to increasing the quality and completeness. In addition, there are many specialized vocabulary in automotive sector, such as turbocharged and dual-rotor engine, that would confused participants. Therefore, common and usual words should be used as far as possible. According to cook and campbell(1979), the validity is defined as best available approximation to the truth or fals ity of a given inference, proposition or conclusion. Firstly, The non-probability sampling will be applied in this research, due to the characteristics of this method, the non-probability sampling will cause a certain threat to validity.Moreover, in the process of collecting data, there is possibility that the instrumentation may change so that influencing the results of this research. Word Count 2278. References Andersson, H. (2005), The value of safety as revealed in the Swedish car market an cover of the hedonic pricing approach, The Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, Vol. 30 No. 3, pp. 211-39. Baltas,G. , Saridakis,C. (2009), Brand-name effects, segment differences, and product characteristics an integrated model of the car market, Journal of Product & Brand Management, 18(2),pp. 143 -151. Belk,R. (2006), Handbook of Qualitative Research Methods. Northampton Edward Elgar. pp. 322. Bell, J. (2010).Doing your research project, 5th edition. Berkshire well-defined University Press. pp. 148-152. British Sociological Association,(2004), Statement of Ethical Practice for the Sociological Association. pp. 2-7. Bryman,A. , (2012). tender Research Method, Fourth Edition, Oxford Oxford University Press Business Dictionary, Ethical Issue, Retrieved 21 November 2012 from http//www. businessdictionary. com/ explanation/ethical-issue. html Couton,C. , Gardes,F. And Thepaut,Y. (1996),Hedonic prices for environmental and safety characteristics and the Akerlof effect in the French car market. Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 3, pp. 435-40. Dharmaraj,C. , Sudhahar, C. J. ,(2010).Brand Preference Factors of Passenger Cars An Empirical Assessment, Indiana University Press, The IUP Journal of Brand Management, 7(3),pp. 19-33. Golafshani,H. (2003),Understanding Reliability and Validity in Qualitative Research,The Qualitative Report, 8(4). PP. 597-607. http//www. nova. edu/ssss/QR/QR8-4/golafshani. pdf Kathuria,L. M. , Singla,V. ,(2012) Purchase of Pre-Owned Small Cars in India A n Exploratory Study, The IUP Journal of Marketing Management. 11(2). pp. 63-75. Reis, H. J. , Silva,S. ,and J. M. C. (2006), Hedonic price indices for new passenger cars in Portugal (1997-2001), Economic Modelling, Vol. 23, pp. 890-908. Randol,E. , Bucklin,S. , and Siddarth, Jorge M.Silva-Risso,(2008), Distribution Intensity and New Car Choice, Journal of Marketing Research, Vol. 45(3), pp. 473-496. Saunders,M. , Lewis,P. , and Thornhill,A. (2009), Research Methods for Business Students. Fifth Edition. Essex prentice Hall. Sousanis, and John,(2011), World Vehicle Population Tops 1 Billion Units, Wards Auto. Retrieved 17 Nov. 2012,From http//wardsauto. com/ar/world_vehicle_population_110815 Banerjee, S. (2010) ,Study on Consumer Buying Behavior During Purchase of a Second Car , Journal of Marketing & Communication ,6 (2),pp. 4-13. White, R. (2004), How people buy cars, Admap, February, pp. 15-17. White, R. (2006), Advertising cars, Admap, July/August, pp. 14-15.