Cytoplasmic Streaming in Cells | Experiment

cytoplasmatic Streaming in stalls ExperimentCytoplasmic drift is the kioskular telephones charge system which moves a cells content rough as unavoidable . This occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell, the fluid which fills the space mingled with organelles and contains cell solutes. Movement in the cytoplasm is thought to be facilitated by actin-myosin motors (Britannica, 2012). These ar molecules made up of the two proteins actin and myosin which interact to move solutes and plane organelles around the cell. Long actin filaments line the cell and myosin molecules run on these filaments via active transport and attach to organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum (ribosomes) and mitochondria, transporting them around the cell a extensive with the surrounding solutes in the cytoplasm (Kachar and Reece, 1988). The actin filaments run parallel to the direction of drift in the cell.genus Nitella is a genus consisting of various species of freshwater kitty alga. These algae are weed like in appearance and have lifesize rectangular cells observable by the naked eye. Each cell begins and ends at a node. Nitella species are thought to rely heavily on the actin-myosin protein motors to facilitate cytoplasmatic drift (Palevitz et al, 1974).Cytochalasin are class of drugs derived from fungi (Turner, 1971). These drugs intermeddle with the interaction between actin and myosin by binding to the actin filaments that line the cell and lessen the capacity for the myosin molecules to bind (BIOL1004 Lab Manual, 2012). This consequently is thought to match the gait of cytoplasmic blow in the cell. This report will analyse the affect of two different types of Cytochalasin drugs (C and D) which are similar in structure scarcely differ in the strength of the bonds they form with the actin filaments.AimTo observe cytoplasmic blow in cells under the microscope and compare the effects of cytochalasin C and D on the bucket along of cytoplasmic streaming in Nitella cells via statistical analysis.Methods and MaterialsThe method and materials used in this essay is outlined in the BIOL1004 molecular(a) and Cell Biology Practical Manual (2012) on pp. 54-55 written by the Research School of Biology for the Australian National University.The following deviations from the aforementioned(prenominal) method are notedThe width of sepa enjoinly cell was mensural for comparison rather than the length as the cells were far too long to fit within the microscope field of view.Results and Statistical Analysis 500The median(a) width of the cells was compute at 183.9um.The table above summaries the important statistics calculated from the experimental data. Each data set appears to be comparative to each other, however it is noted that cells 1.2, 3.2 and 4.2 have spunkyer than average variances which demos a possible deviation from ruler distribution.Figure 1 presents graphically the speed of streaming against the width of the cell. The linear trend line indicates a slight electronegative relationship between cell size and streaming speed.Table 2 summarises the important statistics of each of the running game groups. High variance values for the test groups other than the control group indicate a deviation from normal distribution, however the numbers are similar and thus the data sets are comparable. The results indicate that upon addition of twain cytochalasin drugs the rate of cytoplasmic streaming drip from that observed in the control test. The recovery test taken afterward flushing the Cytochalasin from the slide with pond water indicates the rate is increasing, but has not instead reached the rate as observed in the control test.Table 3 summarises the values calculated for a number of t tests performed to assist in analysis of the data. From this it can be concluded that we can have no less than 98% confidence that the rate of steaming with the addition of two cytochalasin drugs is importantly different from the n ormal or control streaming rate. These t tests also give an indication that the size of the cell influences the rate of streaming as the digression in speed between cells 3.2 and 4.2 which have the analogous recorded width has been determined not to be significant, while the disparity in speed between the biggest and smallest cells is significant. However, these results are not consistent when comparing different data sets both of similar widths and of different widths.DiscussionAs summarised in the results the potpourri in the rate or speed of cytoplasmic streaming in the Nitella cells upon the addition of the drugs Cytochalasin C and D was significantly different to that of the control rate, with 98% and 99.9% confidence followively. This is as expected. However as noted in Table 2 this change in speed was observed as a mental retardation on the addition of both drugs. A slowdown of cytoplasmic streaming is expected with the addition of cytochalasin D, which is a well docu mented actin inhibitor. The drug binds to the actin filaments and changing the secondary structure and inhibiting the actin-myosin interactions (Binder and Tamm, 2003). However, even though cytochalasin C has a similar shape, it does not bind to actin as tightly as cytochalasin D (BIOL1004 Lab Manual, 2012) and does not have the like affect on actin-myosin communication. A study in the Plant Cell Physiology journal documented that cytochalasin C had no real affect on the rate of cytoplasmic streaming even at very high concentrations (Foissner and Wasteneys, 2007). Thus the deceleration with the addition of cytochalasin C, as change that has been confirmed as significant via statistical analysis is not the expected result. It is possible that the deceleration of cytoplasmic streaming in this case could be due to the differing season concentrations between the pond water and the cytochalasin C in solution. As Nitella is normally found in freshwater that is hypotonic, the replacement of the normal pond water on the slide with the drug in a hypertonic solution (with respect to the pond water) may have inadvertently dumbfoundd the cells to change their osmolarity to compensate (Ladgies et al, 2010). A study has shown that transcellular osmosis in Nitella species can cause inhibition of cytoplasmic streaming (Tazawa et al, 1993). unless support for this explanation comes from the ontogenesis in streaming rate on recovery from treatment with the drug, where the hypertonic solution was flushed away and replaced with isotonic pond water (with respect to the cells). It should be noted that the statistics show on that point is 90% confidence that the residuum between the rate of streaming with the addition of each drug individually was significant, thus it follows that the cytochalasin D was a much stronger inhibitor to the rate of streaming than that which caused the deceleration in the cytochalasin C test.The relationship between width of the cell and rate of s treaming is not quite clear. Figure 1 appears to indicate that there is a negative relationship between the two, thus as cell width increases the rate of streaming would decrease. However, the statistics provided by the t tests were inconclusive as to whether the differences between streaming rate for various sized cells were significant or not. If it were true that large size indicated a slower rate of streaming, then it should follow that all t tests between data sets of cells with similar widths would indicate a non-significant difference, however only one of the three tests yields this result. Similarly, the t tests between the data sets of different sized cells should indicate a significant difference yet again only one out of the three tests yields this result. Further analysis with a larger data set could be required to confirm the trend observed in figure 1.Therefore this experiment has demonstrated the decelerating effect of cytochalasin D on the rate of cytoplasmic streami ng in Nitella cells due to its inhibition of the actin-myosin motor and has indicated a possible link between changing osmolarity and relative rate of cytoplasmic streaming in Nitella cells.