High School and Competition Essay

Competition makes people try to be better than others and forces them to beat themselves. People will work on giving their best; therefore, they will always make their best effort. As a result, success will come. People will never stay the same when forced to compete; they will become better, improving themselves to be the best they can be. Cooperation is important, I can realize that, but isn’t the recipe to succeed. As you help other ones, they will help you; however no one can make you successful; success comes through individual determination. Cooperation makes you focus on the group, not in your objective that is to succeed. Cooperation could be helpful, but without competition it makes them forget where are you going to and where you want to get to while competition provides the opposite. An example of why competition grants more success than cooperation relates to children. In a world where competition is appearing more frequently, children must learn how to assert themselves. Although cooperation is taught in elementary school and used throughout their grade school lives, it doesn’t teach the child that in the real world, competition is used to determine whether they get a job or what college they go to. Obviously, cooperation helps a child develop social skills, but competition develops a drive to do better and succeed in everything that they do. The idea of competition will bring some benefits such as independence and self-confidence in their character and will develop as an important part in their future. Achieving success in competition is also prevalent in admission factors for colleges. As the rate of people that are going to college rises, so does the competition that helps you get into those colleges. For this, cooperation does not get you anywhere when going to college. Competition helps because it is based on many factors: GPA, SAT, extracurricular activities, and community service. These factors are not achieved by cooperation, but by individual determination. This makes applicants competitive to get into colleges. As a result, the more competitive you are, the greater the chance that a good college will accept you, and a greater chance that you will succeed in life. In conclusion, competition gives a person a greater chance at succeeding at life than cooperation. Without competition, everyone is the same and everyone lacks individuality. However, with competition, people are given the opportunity to rise above a person who is not achieving and eliminates equal academic standards. It lets people go above and beyond and gives the person more room to see more opportunities.

Behavioral Change WIthin an Organization Essay

1.What characterizes a hyperturbulent environment? †¢A hyperturbulent environment is characterized by rapidly changing product lines, an increasing and changing set of competitors, rapid and continual technological innovation, and rapid market growth. 2.On the Adaptive Cultures diagram, describe the difference between a â€Å"satisficing† environment and a â€Å"reactive† environment? †¢The difference between â€Å"satisficing† and â€Å"reactive environments† stems from their respective differences pertaining to their environmental stability and adaptive orientation. A â€Å"satisficing† style is the result of a stable environment and a high level of adaptive orientation. This style of managing emphasizes a centralized decision-making structure, more levels of management, and coordination by formalized committees. A â€Å"reactive† style is the result of a hyperturbulent environment and a low level of adaptive orientation. Management typically deals with problems on a crisis basis. This style implies waiting until serious problems can no longer be ignored and then correcting them with drastic measures. 3.Which is the â€Å"best† situation on the diagram and the â€Å"worst†? †¢The â€Å"best† situation on the diagram is renewing/transformational management. This style is proactive; identifying solutions to problems before they occur, and constantly changing through innovation to stay ahead of competitors. Conversely, the â€Å"worst† situation on the diagram is sluggish-thermostat management. This style has a tendency to value tradition, which is a road block to change, and emphasizes formal control systems, processes, and procedures. As a result, this style can lead to failure through current success (things are working well right now, so why change them). 4.Describe Open System. Give an example. †¢An open system is based on interdependency. It is in constant interaction with its environment; influencing and being influenced. Feedback is obtained throughout this interaction so that the system can adjust and achieve a constant state of dynamic equilibrium. An example of an open system is a family. Parents, children, siblings, etc. constantly act and react to one another based upon what each individual member puts forth (work, money, love, daily problems, school, friendship, etc.). 5.Describe Socio-technical system. Give an example. †¢A social-technical system views the organization as an open system of coordinated human and technical activities. Under this view, the organization’s activities consist of the goals and values, technical, structural, psychosocial, and managerial subsystems. Any changes that occur in any of the organization’s process can have effects throughout the organization since all processes are related. An example of this is a bank. If management decides to change the way it take in deposits, this has an effect on the backroom operations of the bank (clearing and settling the deposit transactions), the bank tellers (how to take and handle the deposits), customer service (what type of information to relay to the deposit customers), and marketing (the information used for advertising may have changed). This change also effect the lending function (deposits are the source of funding for the bank’s loans, therefore loan pricing may be effected). 6.Give me a situation where you might use a â€Å"contingency approach† at work? †¢The contingency approach says that there is no one â€Å"best way† to handle all situations that may occur. Rather, a person needs to adjust to the situation and handle it based upon the characteristics at hand. A situation where I use the contingency approach is in dealing with my coworkers. One group of people I work with can handle very direct and candid responses to issues and problems; therefore I speak with them in this manner. Conversely, another group of individuals is not as susceptible to candor. I must use finesse and a great deal of emotion in relaying solutions to problems they want to solve. 7.How are the concepts of future shock and hyperturbulent environment similar? †¢The concepts of future shock and a hyperturbulent environment are similar in that both deal with a rapid level of change. As a result, organizations must be more adaptable and flexible than ever before to deal with the ever changing landscapes in which they operate. 8.OD focuses on the _________, _______, and ____.____ †¢OD focuses on the individual, team, and organizational behavior. Read the article on the Airline Industry (Fear and Loathing)—Write two or three paragraphs describing the problem. How could this be fixed? †¢The problem with the airline industry, based upon the article Fear and Loathing (BusinessWeek, September 10, 2007) is that the overall industry lacks leadership. That is, it appears that no one is in charge. Various members of the entire industry (the airlines, unions, small plane owners, community groups, the government, and the FAA) have only their self-interests at heart. As such, no one is being held accountable for what is needed most—change. While the airline industry has developed into its current form, it has not accounted for economic, technological, and environmental changes. The preferred fix for this problem—a lack of accountability due to a lack of leadership—would be for an independent group to take long-term oversight of much needed changes in the airline industry. This group would act in the best interest of the system (i.e. the airline industry). In addition, this group could provide much needed oversight in changing the overall self-serving mindset of the individual groups. Unfortunately, likely many government (or in this case quasi-government) situations, the adage of â€Å"if it isn’t broke don’t fix it† is followed. And, like past situations, it typically takes a large-scale catastrophe to promote change (i.e. sluggish-thermostat management).

Ray Bradbury’s The Utterly Perfect Murder

The actions of an Individual affect others around them emotionally and physically. In the story ‘The Utterly Perfect Murder by Ray Bradbury, there were two kids, one bullied the other. Doug (the victim) was bullied so Immensely by Ralph that 36 years later It still drives him crazy and makes him want to kill Ralph. The literary device shown here is flashback because the main character has a flashback for most of the story and really has a deeper meaning. This story teaches individuals to be nice to thers and what bullying can really do to a person.The moral of this story is to treat others how you would like to be treated. Doug was bullied for his entire childhood by Ralph. It destroyed Doug and ruined his childhood. Ralph abused Doug so much that 36 years later he still was upset about Ralph. So he decided to get revenge he was going to kill Ralph. Doug had moved out of his childhood home and had moved away during his life. When Doug decided to kill Ralph he took a train inste ad of a plane. Why may you ask, maybe he dldnt have the money or had a fear of heights? Doug took a train because he wanted to think long and hard about the past.Doug had a flashback to his childhood times. â€Å"Where are you, Doug? I need someone to beat. Where are you been Doug I got no one to pinch (Bradbury Pg. 3). † Doug thought about everything on the train and decided he was going to kill Ralph. Bullying impacted Doug immensely. As Doug stands there at the door of Ralph with his pistol in his pocket, he noticed something. He did not shoot Ralph, why? Why not get his revenge and kill Ralph? As Ralph opened the door, Doug noticed that time did not treat Ralph well. The old man standing at the door was fragile and frail.Doug could not kill Ralph. When he saw him he thought that Ralph was defeated later in life Just like he was when he was being bullied. Doug then walked away as Ralph repeated, Ilke a broke record â€Å"Doug, is that you? † without saying a thing. The actions of an Individual can affect others emotionally and physically. In conclusion bullying affects many people even If you think It doesn't. Bullying sucks with people for their enure life Just Ilke a scar but an â€Å"Emotional scar†. Do treat others how you would like to be treated.

Discussion & Interpretation of an International Issue or Event during Essay

Discussion & Interpretation of an International Issue or Event during the Cold War - Essay Example On the other hand Realist or classical realist IR scholars and practitioners emphasized upon being updated with the modern day military and economic power responsible for the conviction that mishandled the problems at hand threatens to forestall all possible futures. Communism is another universalistic system of thought that offered Americans a way to feel themselves tied to the larger world (Klein, 2003, p. 30). In the conflict between liberalist and realists scholars, IR was decided to fate upon the ‘Realism’ where political strength through World War II left not just a single power vacuum in that part of the world, as in Europe, but several other parts as well. Japan’s defeat destroyed an empire that had dominated northeast Asia for decades. The rise of China during cold war was followed by the weakening rule of Nationalist government and strengthened its long-time Communist rivals, preparing the way for renewed and intensified civil conflict. Elsewhere Japanese victories undermined the authority of European colonial regimes, encouraging independence movements on the Indian subcontinent and in Southeast Asia (Gaddis, 1998, p. 55). The Cold War alignments let the Chinese to harden Cold War alignments through choices they themselves made. The European pattern had been one of the Soviet Union imposing its authority and the United States being invited to respond, in China the situation was reversed. The Chinese people chose to transfer their allegiance from the Nationalists to the Communists, hence Mao’s great victory in 1949. The Mao’s powerful government, both for ideological reasons and because it feared an American attack, sought China’s incorporation within a Soviet sphere of influence. By 1950, a fundamental shift in the balance of power had taken place where nearly overnight the communist world appeared almost to have doubled its extent. Realist school of thought have always succeeded in appearing self-evident, for

This is a court of law, not a court of morals. Explain and evaluate Essay

This is a court of law, not a court of morals. Explain and evaluate this statement - Essay Example For philosophers like Plato there is a very close connection between law and morality as true justice is indispensable to human well-being. The field of ethics has often criticised legal arrangements and how the mechanical application of law provokes ethical and moral injustice.1 The discussion that follows will centre around and discuss the above mentioned conflicting themes in this area. Firstly it has to be seen whether the existence of unjust laws shows that law and morality are a gulf apart. Secondly whether the existence of laws that serve to defend basic fundamental rights like laws against murder, rape and defamation are a testimony to the compatibility of law and morality. Thirdly that the law only identifies offences and prescribes punishments for crimes and does not take into account the motives and morality behind a defendants actions no matter how noble they are. The fourth theme which is going to be tested in this regard is the internal or habit like nature of morality as opposed to law, as it is said to govern law without compulsion or fear of punishment. Fifthly whether morality can form the basis of making several laws illegal because they are immoral, no matter how procedurally valid they may seem. Last but not the least this essay explores whether the law can be a public expression of morality enshrining the basic principles of acceptable conduct wi th in a society.2 The statement in the question above comes from the very controversial case of Re A 3 (Children) (Conjoined Twins: Surgical Separation) where the parents of six week old Siamese twins, Mary and Jody,(M and J) appealed against a court order granting the NHS the authority to perform an optional surgical separation .The twin M had severe brain abnormalities, no lung tissue and no properly functioning heart and depended for her blood supply upon J which was her healthy ,normally

Observation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Observation - Essay Example The merit of the preceding statement might be verified in terms of a carefully lead investigation on the issue in two countries United States of America and Saudi Arabia. Umm Abdullah a die-hard animal lover and a Saudi national, expresses her experience with great regret. She saw a group of kittens dying bereft of food on a roof after they have lost their mother from poisoning. She made a call to the civil defence and asked to get them down with a ladder only to get refused and advised to call the municipality for further help. Adding to her agony the municipality told her that they would get them down only when they are dead. The inhuman nature of some of the residents of the same locality gets highlighted when she refers to a local man who is responsible for the death of the kitten’s mother. Umm Abdullah also blames the waste management strategy of the municipality that has boosted the population of such stray felines. Lana Dunn a veterinarian expressed severe regret on the repeated violation of animal rights in Saudi Arabia. According to her, lack of education among the population, negligence of the government and lack of a central authori ty catering and monitoring the interest of the animals are the main causes that have put the country into a bleak state regarding animal right and protection. She refers to a particular incident regarding iguanas sold in a pet shop â€Å"â€Å"He told me to give it only water since iguanas don’t eat, and he also said that iguanas don’t live for more than a few months†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ This is awful. Not only are they starving the iguanas to death but they’re telling buyers to treat them same way.† (Lakkdawala) Naeem an animal lover states that fate of exotic animals like cheetah is no exception as they soon gets thrown on the road all caged after the responsibilities involved with the possession get revealed to the owner. The same happens to be true for other exotic animals like â€Å"vultures, porcupines, monkeys, and baby

By reference to specific case-law and political examples, critically Essay

By reference to specific case-law and political examples, critically examine the extent to which this statement accurately reflects the development as well as the content of Public International Law today - Essay Example anda, Sierra Leone, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Liberia in Africa; Bosnia and Kosovo in Eastern Europe; state-sponsored ethnic cleansing in East Timor in Asia and extreme violence on the North American island nation of Haiti. These were the â€Å"new wars† at the end of the 20th century. Although ethnic conflict and humanitarian crises have existed since the dawn of time, for the first time ever images of extreme bloodshed, violence and even genocide were broadcast into the homes of the viewing public through international television stations like the Cable News Network (CNN), Fox and the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Images of children being slaughtered, women raped and people brutalized were beamed into the living rooms of people all over the world, for all to see. For the first time, the public was confronted, on a near daily basis, with images of carnage and humanitarian crisis. People pressed their congressmen, parliamentarians and state representatives to act and, in varying degrees, a groundswell calling for a decisive role for governments in ending these humanitarian crises and conflicts emerged. Although some wanted direct military action, often French, British or American, in ending a particular conflict, most governments have traditionally favor ed other instruments of diplomacy: political pressure, economic sanctions and imposed settlement through international bodies such as the United Nations. While support for military intervention was certainly not the operative interventionist choice for most in the cases mentioned in the introductory paragraph above – for example, how many Americans or Frenchmen before the genocide could locate Rwanda on a map? – in each case presented above, the international community did consider some type of military intervention in ending the respective crises (Boettcher, 2004). Are human rights a key determinant of foreign policy? If so, how does the protection of human rights on a global

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Film - Essay Example tion of America, the film industry took a high recovery path between 1970 and 1980, through the integration of the television and the film division of the MCA with new blockbuster films. This was to be reversed back to the studio system balance of power, after the deregulation of the media that swept through the 1990s, coupled with globalization and digital technologies (Schatz, n.d.). Between the 1920s and the 1940s, the film industry was controlled by the Big Eight Studios, which operated on a factory-based mode, and the studio control made the industry flourish through the depression and the World War II, such that the government had to tolerate the studio control. However, by 1947-8, the studio control experienced one of its major blows that saw the revenues drop drastically. This is because, the Supreme Court ruled to prohibit the collusive trade practices that enabled the big studios to control the industry (Schatz, n.d.). This resulted to the change of the mode of operation of the film business in Hollywood, to a new business model that operates to date. The ‘telefilm’ concept developed in the 1950s, with the rise of the profitable television production based on the West Coast films, which the studios started pursuing (Schatz, n.d.). Though initially the big studios such as the Warner Bros and the 20th Century Fox had initially resisted the ‘telefilm’ lure, they were eventually absorbed into it by the success of other studios, and by the 1960s, the TV series production had shifted from New York to Hollywood. Further, the 1960s were the years of increased film importation and international co-production, and during the same period, Hollywood ventured into regenerating its own art cinema (Schatz, n.d.). However, the excess youth-marketed art cinema coupled with the flop of high budget film resulted in a high recession for the industry between 1969 and 1971. This led to the revolution of the industry through the introduction of the theatrical

The strong earthquakes happened in Sichuan province, how it influence Research Paper

The strong earthquakes happened in Sichuan province, how it influence local people - Research Paper Example The Wenchuan and Ya’an earthquakes have been devastating to the local people. Wenchuan earthquake occurred in 2008 while Ya’an earthquake occurred in 2013 (Chen et al 2013). This paper seeks to discuss the occurrence of the Sichuan Province’s earthquake and how influenced local people. Sichuan Province has a pre-cambrium basement with a double layer texture (Yueqiao et al 2013). This is exposed in the province forming the Western region. This pre-cambrium basement is what forms the Upper Yangtze Platform. In the time of late Palaeozoic-Masozoic geology states that the Sichad seat was the point where the Asian plates extended from. It led to Palaeo-Tethys extended from Southwest Asia to Southeast Asia. Sichuan Province harbors plateaus on its Western side. This  plateaus are cited as the greatest Indosinian fold zones on the planet Earth. The province has also experienced very strong Post- Triassic intercontinental modifications. This includes cases of various geotectonic movements in the Province like block faulting, seismic activity, glaciations and mudflows. This incidence has led to a situation referred to as a geological mystery in Sichuan province (Gioncu & Federico 2011). Sichuan Province is susceptible to earthquakes and studies have shown reasons for the occurrences of earthquakes in the region (der Hilst 2008). The man-made activities together with the natural factors have led to the high prevalence of earthquakes in Sichuan Province. Engineers in Geology and Seismology have reported that that the water collected in the Zipingpu water reservoir triggered the earthquake. The dam is made up of 470 fit high concrete upstream from Dujiangyan (der Hilst 2008). It was seen that the Sichuan earthquake in May 2008 its epicenter was close to the dam. It was four miles from the dam and the area around the dam was highly affected by the earthquake (Macdougall 2011). According to the world Commission on dams, the 2008

Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Technical writing - Essay Example The purpose of this Request for Proposal is to solicit proposals in a bid to identify a candidate or organization, conduct a fair and extensive evaluation on the criteria listed thereafter and contract him/her to best represent the aspirations of Peter’s International schools as far as professional development of programs in the area of disproportionality is concerned. Literature Review Disproportionality may not be purely pegged on the individual talents by the students but also on the administrative aspect of the management of the school; the infrastructure and transformation of curriculum, and other extra-curriculum programs which in one way or the other helps in the personal development of the students which in turn promotes the academic achievement in a balanced manner (Wiggan, 12). Peter’s International Schools is a network of schools started in 1999 in New York with outlets in Canada, United Kingdom and Belarus, that specializes with â€Å"high school† lev el of education and learning admitting children of 7-17 years of age. As part of the initial research and implementation procedure, Peter’s International schools would recommend school-based focus group discussions as the immediate and appropriate resources to be used to help evaluate the causes and mitigation programs in areas of disproportionality in academic achievement. Purpose of the Project The current education programs used by Peter’s International Schools is based on 2002 curriculum revision and the management has determined they are not effective in providing unique high school education in terms of syllabus coverage and personal development of our students at all levels. Additionally the programs have not been reliable in incorporating science and technology/ innovations in the subjects tackled and they have been fruitless in integrating academic performance across the school’s network. By developing, designing, implementing and conducting professiona l development in the areas of disproportionality in academic achievement across our network of schools, will enable identification of areas that need attention in a bid to level academic achievement of our students, be at par with science and technology/innovations in our curriculum and have a competitive advantage in provision of learning services globally. Project Description Peter’s International Schools is seeking to adopt new and friendly programs that will promote incorporation of science and technology in the curriculum subjects; simple to apply and assimilate both locally and by the international students, programs that will necessitate easy transition to new programs in future without affecting the development of students, and those that will help in reducing the variation in academic achievement among the students in the school’s network. The design should be flexible to accommodate different ages accommodated in our schools and allow smooth implementation wi thin the next five years. In addition the design and development procedures should explicitly define the ways to deal with the disproportionality in academic achievements and give real figures of the expected results within the first five years of

Revised paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revised paper - Essay Example The challenge is that the pay for some may not be as expected especially in areas where there are many people practicing accounting. It is notable that many people who major in accounting possess love for the profession due to the prospective nature of work and the lucrative payout. I have selected the option of accounting because I bear the love of calculations especially with relation to business since my tender age. My family has business and I found interest in how their finances were, and how I could use the financial data to forecast the future of the business in terms of financial returns. Additionally, I find interest in the dynamics in the economy and businesses with a larger perspective. Thirdly, the remuneration offered on securing a good job with an accounting firm can allow me to live, as I prefer while also enhancing my expertise and doing what I find interesting. I am hopeful that I can develop the necessary expertise in several areas of accounting such as financial accounting, management accounting, tax accounting or auditing. I acknowledge that I require the input of a professional in the accounting field to offer me some orientation. I resolved to set up an interview with a recognized accountant whose name is John Thorn. The interviews aims at providing me with the relevant information about the qualifications, the job requirements and the expectations placed on an individual in the accounting field. Mr. Thorn comes from a long line of accountants in his family. It was not because there were other accountants that he decided to be an accountant. He loved the idea of doing accounting regardless if it was related to taxes, auditing, and finances or for management decision-making. He first did his bachelor of science in accounting at the University of Boston where he qualifies well. He was able to get a job at the L.I in his native Boston where he did minor accounting jobs such as preparing weekly reports on sales. He did not stay long

The work-flow Essay Example for Free

The work-flow Essay In order to reduce the overtime, skipped breaks, late arrivals, and free time indulged in by my employees; I am going to implement several strategies. First, I will construct a work-flow chart to see exactly where the job responsibilities are being delegated. Then, I will redistribute the workload between Jack Snyder, and Ruth Disselkoen, if necessary. Next, since Jack has proven capable of handling his jobs professionally and expediently, I would also like to assign him to train Ruth in his methodology. There are several reasons these solutions will be effective. The work-flow chart will allow me to assess the work quality, efficiency, and effectiveness of Jack and Ruth. The chart will also make them aware of and accountable for their output. The redistribution of the workload will eliminate the skipped breaks and overtime, as well as, giving less time for late arrivals and extended breaks. This will result in a more efficient office while reducing cost to the company. I will continually monitor the situation to ensure the accountability of Jack and Ruth for their output. Having Jack train Ruth will benefit both of them; in that Ruth will learn better time management strategies and Jack will have something to do with his free time. Jack will also develop a stronger sense of worth. In fact, if he proves effective at this task, he could be considered for a promotion if Jessica Hilo does not return to work. Consequently, the resulting pride in a job well done will increase productivity, quality, and efficiency, also insuring the company’s dollars are being economically spent.

Change Junctures in the Change Management Process

Change Junctures in the Change Management Process Critical change junctures in the change management process at Spectrum sun-Glass Company Introduction In the simulation undertaken, I am the Director of Product Innovation under the unit handling Research and Development for a company called Spectrum sun-glass Harvard (2012). I am very passionate about sustainability and would be very like the company to offer green products to its clients. At a recent company retreat, I tried sharing the discussion I had had with the Vice President of our biggest retail customer, Bigmart; in which he had intimated that Bigmart was about to require all their suppliers to, go through the Green Certification process. As I proceeded, most of my colleagues were displeased; with the Chief Finance Officer, Paul DArcy and the Vice President for Operations Luke Filer, coming out very strongly, against my proposal. I however received support from the Vice President (VP) of Sales and Marketing, Leslie Harris and Vice President (VP) for Human Resources, Mary Gopinath. As a compromise, the CEO appointed me as the head of a team from the different departments to develop a plan that is acceptable to all. As I lacked any formal authority, I had to rely on my personal credibility which was quite high at this point. 2.0 Section 1: 1st decision: Hosting a town-hall meeting in week 25 and the reasoning behind. To start with, I undertook a range of decisions to raise my personal credibility and increase awareness. For instance, in week 0-24, I had private interviews with colleagues (particularly those opposed to the initiative), I received support from a consultant, and I received the CEOs support, to mention but a few. However, the decision that most advanced my change management process, was the town hall meeting that I held in week 25. This town hall meeting alone moved the following individuals from the awareness to the trial stage: Andrew Chen, Walt James, Bob Ingram, Yao Li, Mark Robert, Anne Thompson, Louise Crysh and Dianne Mcnatt. The reasoning behind this decision was informed by Robert Ciadini as quoted in Cliffe, S (2013) who says that ; if one intends to persuade people, one needs to appeal to six human responses namely; people will follow through with commitments that they have made publicly, people will do things that they see people similar to them do, when people are uncert ain about certain things, they tend to look towards experts and other possible sources of information, people are more likely to accept proposals from someone that they like, people tend to respond positively to people who have helped them in the past and people value things whose supply is limited. The town hall meeting was therefore a perfect lever for me to use, as it enabled people to accept my proposal, if other people in the group were to accept. Secondly, it enabled colleagues to make a public commitment to my proposed change, than say, in the private interviews. In addition, the town hall meeting was a perfect opportunity for me to share my extensive knowledge on the issue of sustainability and why it is important for our company and future growth. In the face of uncertainty, my colleagues were then more likely to defer to me and agree to my proposal. Looking back, at the levers that I used, I should also have continued with personal interviews, particularly with the key opp onents of my plan. This strategy of co-opting antagonists is well elaborated in Pfeffer, J (2010), as a way of winning over opponents and giving them a stake in the process of change. Personally, this could also have involved making concessions to the CFO and the VP-Operations in private, so that they start to own a part of the plan. 3.0 Section 2: How I would implement the change action above in practice In practice, I would seek to utilize the levers provided in a concurrent fashion. Whereas, in the simulation, I could only hold a town hall meeting, for instance; I would in practice, seek to complement this with a public statement of support from the CEO. I would also look at having the consultants report delivered during the townhall meeting. In addition to these formal avenues for influencing my colleagues, I would seek out opportunities to help out colleagues. In this way, I would create an obligation on their part to reciprocate. This would therefore ensure that when they are called upon to support my proposal, they would feel conflicted, not to support it. Similarly, I would try to make every effort to get myself liked by colleagues, in very casual settings. This liking would them make it more likely, that they would support my proposal. I would focus less on the means, and focus more on the end. That is, I would be extremely flexible with the levers and concentrate more on the goal of having management agree to Spectrum-sun glass making green products. I would also seek to appreciate the arguments of my colleagues, in Finance and operations. To allay their fears about the financial and operational challenges of the new proposal, I would invite their contributions on how these can be addressed. I would be willing to accept these suggestions as it helps me attain my overall goal-albeit with certain changes. In addition to the personal interviews and town halls, I would also look-out and encourage opportunities for my colleagues to air their views and even reservations about my proposal. This would help me to understand the main issues that my opponents value and would then enable me to respond appropriately. 4.0 Section 3: 2nd decision/Juncture: Building a coalition of support in week 43 and the reasoning behind In week 43, I sought to build a coalition of supporters among the staff, as a way of trying to move the organization from the awareness to the movement stage of the change process. Not only did this decision, have no effect on the organization; it also resulted in a loss of my credibility as some staff were not enthusiastic about the idea. In making this decision, my assumption had been that there was then sufficient interest, in my proposal, among the team. In fact, this result (the failure to build a coalition of support) could be explained by the various theories about organizational culture. For example, Chatman, J, Eunyoung Cha, S (2003) posit that organizational culture is very powerful as it energizes and rallies employees around common perceived goals or objectives. The lack of interest by the employees of Spectrum sun-glass in joining a coalition of support could therefore be partially explained by the culture of the organization. This view is supported by, Goffee, R, Jone s, G (1996) who explains that organizations can be grouped on the basis of their cultures, as follows: Networked Organizations-in which there is a lot of informality, cliques and limited commitment to company goals, Mercenary Organizations,-in which decisions are made by top management and enforced swiftly throughout the organization, Fragmented organizations-in which there is limited solidarity and collaboration across departments and communal organizations, in which there is a lot of socializing at work and solidarity. Based on the above metric, I would classify Spectrum sun-glass as a Fragmented company where there is limited solidarity and collaboration across departments. Alternatively; and as explained by Prof Tim Morris in his lecture on leading through culture; company cultures can be assessed on five dimensions, namely; whether it has a single or multiple cultures, whether decision making is low or high consensus, whether there is an internal or client focus, whether the pe rformance orientation is high or low and whether there is internal cooperation or competition. Based on the above criteria; I would rate Spectrum sun-glass as having a single culture, high consensus decision making, client focus, a high performance orientation and internal competition. With the above information and in retrospect; I should not have sought to create a coalition in such an organizational culture, at the time I did. Instead, I should have concentrated on enabling change through consolidating and relying on my personal credibility, communicating my proposal and making the necessary emotional connection and training. 5.0 How I would implement the change action above in practice In practice, I would start by analyzing the existing organizational culture. I would then craft a very convincing slogan to motivate my colleagues to adopt my approach. For instance, Go Green, More Profits, and More Pay. To further promote interest in my proposal, I would create a sense of urgency, by making the slogan action oriented, Goffee, et al, (1996). As this is a fragmented and mercenary organization, I would also try to organize dialogues on my proposal in informal settings; like lunch, parties and so on. As these parties are enjoyable for those who attend, this tends to increase my likability and the social dynamic within the group. It would also be critical for me to create a place of psychological safety to ask questions about my proposal, to receive honest feedback, to discuss any reservations and errors of approach openly. In this way, I would reinforce the solidarity of the group and its ability to socialize Chatman, et al (2003). 6.0 Conclusion In the end, I was able through the use of the various levers to have eighteen adopters by week 56. This translated into a change efficiency ratio of 0.32, which is high. My change leadership skills (the mishaps, notwithstanding) ensured that I was able to convince a critical mass of managers to adopt the initiative on sustainability. This significantly improved the financial prospects of the company and my professional prospects. Bibliography Chatman, J, Eunyoung Cha, S 2003, Leading by Leveraging Culture, California Management Review, 45, 4, pp. 20-34, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 17 January 2017. Cliffe, S 2013, The Uses (and Abuses) of Influence, Harvard Business Review, 91, 7/8, pp. 76-81, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 17 January 2017. Goffee, R, Jones, G 1996, What Holds the Modern Company Together?, Harvard Business Review, 74, 6, pp. 133-148, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 17 January 2017 Harvard (2012) Change management simulation: Power and influence. Available at: http://forio.com/simulate/harvard/change-management/simulation/index.html#introduction (Accessed: 17 January 2017). Pfeffer, J 2010, Power Play, Harvard Business Review, 88, 7/8, pp. 84-92, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 17 January 2017 Tim Morris (2016) Lecture Slide on Leading through Culture, Available at: https://weblearn.ox.ac.uk/access/content/group/1ed98592-bb15-4079-ad29 b1e4e73be816/Document%20Library/Lecture%20Slides/LF16%2010.1%20Organisational%20Culture.pdf (Accessed: 18 January 2017).

Carl Rogers Person Centred Theory Psychology Essay

Carl Rogers Person Centred Theory Psychology Essay This essay will contain information on the role and function of a counsellor and will explain and evaluate the key concepts, phenomenology, existentialism, the seven stages of process and the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change and show how these are important for a trainee counsellor. As well as looking at locus of evaluation, the organismic valuing process, a fully functioning person and the core conditions being in place in a counselling setting. All these in mind influencing the counselling practice of a person training in person centred counselling. All factors to be discussed are in all ways important for a trainee counsellor to study as they are all highly beneficial toward the knowledge and understanding needed before practising in person-centred counselling. Person-centred counselling is a humanistic approach, founded by Carl Rogers to promote human psychological growth. The aim was to help people achieve a more satisfying and creative life for themselves. This approach was to help in a one-to-one relationship that of a client and of a counsellor and in some cases a group session. The role of the counsellor is to be understanding, and without the six necessary and sufficient conditions, mainly the three core conditions of empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard, a counsellor cannot be as understanding as they would like to think, towards a client. As without dealing with things in their own life, in personal development or learning how to not judge someone for things that they have done or how they live their lives, how can they deal with the personal thoughts and feelings of a person that will be brought to a counselling session? Lietaer (1984) as cited in Tursi and Cochrans (2006:388) article, said: The more I accept myself and am able to be present in a comfortable way with everything that bubbles up in me, without fear or defence, the more I can be receptive to everything that lives in my client If such training has not been given then this could be more detrimental toward a client and possibly the counsellor. A problem may arise with a client that may well be very close to home for the counsellor and if this has not in the past been dealt with, may become very hard for the counsellor to attempt to deal with. In such circumstances there should of course be someone who could supervise or be there for advice. However, the effect this may have on the counsellor if not dealt with in the correct manner could be detrimental. Judgements are easy to make, whether they are right or not is not relevant, as a counsellor should not judge. As a training counsellor, the journey is to help and guide the trainee to be non-judgemental, to have congruence and to be empathic. These may prove difficult if the client brings something to the session that goes against everything the counsellor believes in but the unconditional positive regard and congruence mainly, should be in place. If the couns ellor finds this too difficult, referral is an option as long as the counsellor stays professional throughout. As a counsellor, being self-aware enables the counsellor to be open to the clients own experience, one foot in one foot out. Embracing the clients experiencing but making sure not to be taken in whole as this is the journey of the client not of the counsellor as such. This assists the client in moving on as they are feeling listened to as the counsellor is empathic toward them and experiencing in one way, what it is that the client has experienced or is experiencing, in turn, providing the necessary conditions to assist the client on their journey. Knowing that they as a client are being heard goes a long way, as Frankland et al (1995) states that listening to a persons thoughts is entirely different to listening to that of a persons feelings. As part of the British culture, back in the past, people have been taught that for example big boys do not cry or children are seen not heard and that there is a time and a place for emotions of any kind to be expressed, therefore not publicly. This can cause difficulty for a person to listen to anothers feelings genuinely and respecting the feelings of another or on the other hand it can be very hard to express these thoughts and feelings after being told during childhood etc. that this was the wrong way of dealing with the emotions. The role and function of a counsellor is to reassure the client, assuring them that they are in a quiet and safe place. Where a client is able to speak without feeling judged and is able to feel safe enough, to talk about their thoughts and feelings and the things that are going on in their life. Although this is a process, and the first few sessions are mainly about the building of trust between counsellor and client. Therefore it is very important that the client does not feel over-powered by the counsellor or that the counsellor does not abuse this power. Although it should be apparent at some point to the client that both client and counsellor are equal. As a counsellor in person-centred counselling the abuse of power can occur, however as Merry (2002) states, a non-directive approach is important. When following the BACPs guidelines and the training given as a trainee, the misuse of power should not occur. Once the trust is in place, the counsellor can facilitate the correct environment for the client; they now have a better understanding of. A counsellor also helps a client develop an internal locus of evaluation, dissolving any conditions of worth placed upon the client and the client becomes more congruent with themselves. Building trust with a client that does not want to be there can be greatly difficult and this is where the seven stages of process will come in. The seven stages of process was hypothesised by Rogers as more of a guide for himself and other counsellors to see whether the client was progressing or stuck at a set stage and to assist bringing a therapeutic change for the client. However, for this process to achieve full potential, the six necessary and sufficient conditions must be in place, along-side keeping the clients trust. The process of change can begin from any of the stages and the client does not necessarily start from the first stage. For example a client may begin at stage four but at some point go into stage two, because this is no linear process and every client is different. However, once the client is in a set stage they will build on experiences before moving onto the next. Fiedler in the 50s asked a variety of counsellors what they had considered the best parts for a therapeutic relationship. Carl Rogers in 1957, developed from Fiedlers research and Rogers created the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change. The three most important factors of the six are that of unconditional positive regard, congruence and empathy. Wilkins (2003), states that it has never been asserted that these are the core conditions but there have been many studies around these conditions separately and together to see how effective they are. As Sharf (2011) states, research has shown that if the core conditions are in place this can bring therapeutic change. However, these as Wilkins (2003) explains, have never been tested, therefore the results are inconclusive. How can the amount of unconditional positive regard from a counsellor to a client be measured or even tested? Therapeutic change is openness to experience as McLeod (2003) explains from a client generalising the world to accepting it in time as personal experience. To benefit from the therapeutic change the client must be ready to start the journey of self-exploration, as if a client were to come in at stage one it would be less likely that they would be ready or benefit from the process. This is a process of assisting the client to experience and understand their own value as a person and with this the client becoming stronger with their self, slowly becoming closer to a more internal locus of evaluation. Reaching this point is along the right path for the client to aim to reach the self-actualisation. Self-actualisation revolves around incongruence which in turn is inconsistent with the experiencing process. Person-centred therapy can assist a client to reconnect with their self-actualising tendency which had been thwarted in the past by conditions of worth or placing their own locus of evaluation outside of themselves therefore losing their internal valuing process. The actualising tendency, being related to the organismic valuing process, which was said by Rogers (1951) that there was one thing that aided the development of a person, which he called the actualising tendency. He goes on to state that, if a person was to have had all the love and support during childhood, then they would have been given the right components to help that person to achieve the actualising tendency. Where-as a person who was not given the love and support that was needed to help nourish for the actualising tendency, would suffer from conditions of worth. Conditions of worth are what we acquire as children as there is a strong need to be loved, then being told the appropriate ways to behave and think and sometimes feel which causes people to place conditions that later in life we tend to look for in others or in experiences and if the conditions do not fit that to which are believed to be acceptable, they can be denied all together. These conditions of worth would then go on to become the need for positive regard, trying to please others through what they believe to be the right way or right thing, rather than following what the self wants or needs. This need for positive regard can affect the decision making and confidence of a person due to the need to be loved or valued. If a person has had a critical and judgemental upbringing or has been surrounded by critical and judgmental people, this may cause a person to search for approval and positive regard, this takes a person away from their organismic valuing process too, which creates a self-concept. This it-self can create a need for external authorities for guidance or a need to please others, which then in turn becomes incongruent to self. This has been described as locus of evaluation. Locus of evaluation is what Merry (2002: 26) says is a development of positive self-regardà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦vulnerable to the evaluations of others and with this in mind a person can become to not trust their own inner experiencing, therefore becoming external. To start to become a fully functioning person, the locus of evaluation needs to be found and exercised and this can be achieved through person centred counselling. However, a client can choose to stay as functioning without feeling forced to become a fully functio ning person. The key concepts in person centred counselling are the self and unconditional Positive regard. The importance of self is a drive inside everybody to achieve full potential, attempting to better themselves i.e. self-actualisation. Maslows hierarchy of needs is the best way to describe a persons needs going from the basic survival needs of food and water all the way to the top of self-actualisation. The hierarchy fits quite nicely into Rogers person-centred theory, which is all about the self. A person who has been brought back down to the basic survival needs through depression etc., and without realising will go up through this chart and possibly at some point come back down through the stages as there is no limit in life to how many times a person will continue up or down the chart. Now, a client, being aware of their own feelings and personal experiences due to starting counselling, can slowly start building themselves back up to achieving the self-actualisation. The actualising tendency was described by Carl Rogers (1959), as summarised by Vincent (2005: 25) as the inherent tendency of the organism to develop all its capacities in ways which serve to maintain or enhance the organism. In the counselling journey of a person, self-discovery and self-awareness become apparent, by owning their own feelings when using the I statement, and understanding their own needs and feelings, this is called the self-concept. If a person has not reached the point where they state that I feel or I am then this is a state of incongruence to the self as in place of the I statement will be generalisations. As stated by Nevid (2008:500) Rogers believed that the self is the centre of the human experience. McLeod, (2009) stated that the person centred approach begins and ends with experience and it is this that builds on the phenomenological approaches knowledge. Phenomenology is a persons personal experience and this is central to person centred counselling. McLeod (2009), also states that the aim of phenomenology is to pick out the nature and quality of personal experience whilst bracketing off assumptions, meaning that the counsellor does not apply their own assumptions or experiences into that of a clients. Phenomenology is used in some therapies to explore the clients experience of a bad time that they had or have, working alongside existential philosophy, exploring areas of crisis in the here and now, giving the client the basic understanding that they control their own lives. Tudor et al (2006) states that Rogers was not teaching phenomenology or existentialism but the person-centred approach shares some of the same values and assumptions of both of the approaches/ philosophies. Carl Rogers believed that if the right conditions were in place in a counselling setting, that a person could achieve self-actualisation. Although the core conditions cannot be proved due to the argument of whether or not it can be measured of how much unconditional positive regard etc. a person has been given, the theory over the years seems to have proven itself with the popularity of people studying the theory or becoming counsellors and people seeking out to be counselled or even sent to see a counsellor. Therefore the role and function of a counsellor in person-centred counselling has been discussed throughout, mentioning key factors such as the seven stages of process, the six necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change and actualising tendency and how these assist a person on their own personal counselling journey. As all factors mentioned, are in some way or other linked to the person-centred theory they are all vital for a trainee counsellor to be learning abo ut them and how to use the skills such as empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard, amongst others. The organismic self is of upmost importance in the humanistic approach due to it being the core self and when this is jolted the locus of evaluation is placed outside of the self, causing incongruence to the self and the longer this goes on for can it can become more damaging toward the client psychologically. This is where a client would then search for a counsellor or be sent to see a counsellor, then beginning the journey to becoming a happier person, on the ladder to achieving self-actualisation. References Burnard, P. (2005). Counselling Skills for Health Professionals: Fourth Edition. Nelson Thornes LTD: Cheltenham. Lietaer, G. (1984). Unconditional positive regard: A controversial basic attitude in client-centred therapy. In Tursi, M. and Cochran, J. (2006). Journal of Counselling Development. Fall2006, Vol. 84 Issue 4, p388. McLeod, J. (2009). An introduction to counselling: Fourth Edition. McGraw-Hill: England. Merry, T. (2002). Learning and being in person-centred counselling. Second ed. PCCS Books: Manchester. Nevid, J. (2008). Psychology: Concepts and applications. Cengage learning: USA. Sharf, R. (2011). Theories of Psychotherapy Counseling: Concepts and Cases. Fifth ed. Cengage Learning: Belmont. Tudor, K. and Worrall, M. (2006). Person-Centred Therapy: A Clinical Philosophy. Routledge: Hove. Tursi, M. and Cochran, J. (2006). Journal of Counselling Development. Fall2006, Vol. 84 Issue 4, p387-396. Vincent, S. (2005). Being Empathic: A Companion For Counsellors And Therapists. Radcliffe publishing: Oxon. Wilkins, P. (2003). Person-Centred Therapy in Focus. Sage: London.

Essays --

Musye Gebrezgiy World History Professor Minkin Things Fall Apart How is colonialism a theme throughout the novel? How does this novel address a Eurocentric understanding of African history? Things Fall Apart is about the tragic fall of Okonkwo our main character and the Igbo culture. Okonkwo is a respected leader within the Igbo community of Umunfia in eastern Nigeria. He first gets respect within the village by defeating Amalinze the Cat in a wrestling contest. Okonkwo is determined to become a powerful and wealthy man unlike his father who was weak. Within the community, Unoka was considered a failure and a laughingstock he was looked upon as a woman who had no property to call his own. He eventually died a shameful death and left numerous debts. Okonkwo despises and resents his father gentle ways he decides to overcome the shame that he feels for his father’s weakness by becoming what he considers to be â€Å"manly†. He dominates his wives and children by being insensitive and controlling. Over the years, Okonkwo becomes an extremely volatile man. For example beating his youngest wife Ojiugo for accidently forgetting to prepare the afternoon meal for his family. Things begin to fall apart soon with the arrival of Christian missionaries who spread their religion and culture throughout the land and. Colonialism is a theme that’s constantly addressed throughout the book and is to blame for the fall of the Igbo culture and Okonkwo. The first signs of colonization come to Abame when the first white man appears. The village at first didn’t know what to expect from him. The elders of the village consulted the Oracle and soon came to the decision to kill the man because they f... ... people and obedience to the tribal leaders and their gods. The missionaries who subjugated unfortunately stripped this for the Igbo people. Eurocentric perspective was a widely held belief among Europeans that Africa was wild, exotic, and natives were uneducated had no principle. This was more than enough for the Europeans to establish their culture into Africa because it was more superior to that of African culture. Achebe does a great job in proving this idea wrong. He takes us into a new world shows us that even though the natives had a different view of the world they were still no different than that of the Europeans who just like the whites showed compassion, hate, have faith in a god(s) and unite as one for the better. He was a man on a mission dedicated to spreading knowledge of Africa’s contributions to history and unifying the continent and its people.

cloning :: essays research papers

Cloning in the Twenty-first Century Cloning is the making of genetically identical copies of a single cell or organism. Cloning was never talked about much,(When?) unless a person read science fiction or watched movies. Then on February 23, 1997 comma Dolly the Iamb What is an iamb? appeared on the news. Dr. Ian Wilmut, the head of the Roslin Institute in Edinburg, Scotland had led the team who cloned Dolly. Dolly was cloned from the omit ‘the’ one reproductive tissue of one adult female sheep, so that she was genetically identical. Dolly what happened here? started from a no--the mammary cells of a six year old ewe. They were grown in nutrient- poor culture medium that forced them into. Why the period? a quiescent state, known as G O phase of the cell cycle ( a phase that all cells go through when dividing). Then scientist WN—should be plural took other egg cells from other ewes. These cells were called oocytes. Then they removed the nucleus and fused it with the mammary cell, by pulsed electric current. The procedure used to clone Dolly is colloquially called "cloning." The general term cloning is any procedure that produces a precise genetic replica of a biological thing, including-a DNA sequence, a cell, or an organism. Then the world became freaked out. Next the talk of cloning humans.(Kass and Wilson X, VIII.) Where did you start using this source—whatever it is? You must introduce quotations and let your reading know when you are paraphrasing or otherwise using sources. Before all of this, cloning happened all the time in labs across the world. A type of cloning is used often in cancer research. Then another type is used in horticulture. This is were What does this mean? certain types of roses, lilies, potatoes, and apples come from. A MacIntosh apple is a clone. What is your source? Most of the same steps where used to clone these things, yet they did not get the attention Dolly received. (Hyde and Hyde 14). Period goes after parentheses, not before. When I think of cloning, I do not think of it as killing a person. Why on earth would you say this? No killing of any kind is involved. While talking to Phyllis Phyllis who? And why did you ask her? the other day I mentioned cloning to her. I quote her as saying "No man has the right to play God. cloning :: essays research papers Cloning in the Twenty-first Century Cloning is the making of genetically identical copies of a single cell or organism. Cloning was never talked about much,(When?) unless a person read science fiction or watched movies. Then on February 23, 1997 comma Dolly the Iamb What is an iamb? appeared on the news. Dr. Ian Wilmut, the head of the Roslin Institute in Edinburg, Scotland had led the team who cloned Dolly. Dolly was cloned from the omit ‘the’ one reproductive tissue of one adult female sheep, so that she was genetically identical. Dolly what happened here? started from a no--the mammary cells of a six year old ewe. They were grown in nutrient- poor culture medium that forced them into. Why the period? a quiescent state, known as G O phase of the cell cycle ( a phase that all cells go through when dividing). Then scientist WN—should be plural took other egg cells from other ewes. These cells were called oocytes. Then they removed the nucleus and fused it with the mammary cell, by pulsed electric current. The procedure used to clone Dolly is colloquially called "cloning." The general term cloning is any procedure that produces a precise genetic replica of a biological thing, including-a DNA sequence, a cell, or an organism. Then the world became freaked out. Next the talk of cloning humans.(Kass and Wilson X, VIII.) Where did you start using this source—whatever it is? You must introduce quotations and let your reading know when you are paraphrasing or otherwise using sources. Before all of this, cloning happened all the time in labs across the world. A type of cloning is used often in cancer research. Then another type is used in horticulture. This is were What does this mean? certain types of roses, lilies, potatoes, and apples come from. A MacIntosh apple is a clone. What is your source? Most of the same steps where used to clone these things, yet they did not get the attention Dolly received. (Hyde and Hyde 14). Period goes after parentheses, not before. When I think of cloning, I do not think of it as killing a person. Why on earth would you say this? No killing of any kind is involved. While talking to Phyllis Phyllis who? And why did you ask her? the other day I mentioned cloning to her. I quote her as saying "No man has the right to play God.

Essay --

You all know the Chocolate Company: Hershey's; but where did it all begin? As with Walt Disney, it started with a dream. A dream that a certain person could rule the candy market. This certain person is Milton Snavely Hershey. Milton Hershey founded Hershey’s Chocolate Company in 1900. Did you know that his first product wasn't chocolate? No, he created and sold many other confections; his greatest being caramel. His highest achievement of all was creating the world's largest candy manufacturing company today. Milton S. Hershey learned most of his work from Joe Royer, the owner of an Ice Cream Parlor and Garden. Joe Royer taught Milton for four years until he quit. Milton didn't quit because he didn't like the apprenticeship. No, he quit to start his own confectionary business. Milton S. Hershey gave this world a company that changed the way we see chocolate today. Milton Snavely Hershey was born on September 13th, 1857. Hershey didn’t start off with candy right away. Young Milton was sometimes very clumsy and made mistakes. Sam Ernst, a person who started Milton off with an appren...

Disaster Paper Essay

When you deliberate on a disaster, it becomes clear that any such event has three phases to it. Initially, there are antecedents that lead to the disaster. When enough antecedents have accumulated, the disaster occurs at that specific tipping time. Finally after the disaster has happened the final phase of resolutions occurs. The resolutions are steps that the society attempt to implement to revert the effects that the event has produced. Consider the Deepwater Horizon disaster that happened on July 17th 2010. Upon critical review the group have identified series of antecedents that led to the disaster. At the tipping point the disaster occurred, lives were lost and numerous crew members injured. After the initial shock of the disaster and evacuation of the crew engineers and BP staff attempted to close the well with numerous trials. Eventually policy makers were involved in development of the new safety policies. Numerous investigations and trials were performed to better understand the disaster and avoid similar events. At the end numerous antecedents have been identified, the disaster was resolved and the consequences identified. The Deepwater Horizon accident was found to have multiple antecedents that caused this tragedy. Specifically, a sequence of eight safety barriers that were breached led to the explosion which killed eleven people and caused widespread pollution throughout the Gulf of Mexico. At first the annulus cement barrier was installed improperly and did not isolate the hydrocarbons coming from the well. The shoe track barrier did not isolate the hydrocarbons. As a consequence these two events allowed hydrocarbons to rise up the well and aboard the Deepwater Horizon rig. The negative pressure test was incorrectly interpreted. The influx of hydrocarbons was not recognized until it was too late. Well control response actions failed to regain the control of the well. This led the well flow to be diverted to the mud gas separator causing gas to be vented onto the vessel rather than being diverted over board. Safety fire and gas systems did not prevent hydrocarbon ignition from the engine room. Finally, the blowout preventer (BOP) emergency modes did not seal the well due to the accumulation of previous seven events mentioned above. With these eight events leading one to another, it was much more difficult to seize the explosions and fire that damaged the MUX cables and hydraulic lines. This resulted in failure of the emergency disconnect system. To conclude, it is clear that specific and identifiable antecedents can be discovered and that their accumulations to a tipping point lead to the disaster. The second phase of the Deepwater Horizon disaster deals with engineers and BP technical staff trying to close the well so that the oil spill is stopped. To reduce the oil spill the leaking oil is set on fire with the hope that the spill will be reduced. On May 2nd, 2010 PB starts to drill a relief well that should overtake that leaking site. On May 5th one of the leaking sites is capped, however oil continues to leak from the well. On May 7th BP engineers use the containment chambers to close the remaining leaks. The idea fails and is abandoned. On May 9th a â€Å"junk shot† approach is implemented, the following day â€Å"top hat† approach is planned out. The attempt to reduce the leak continues, numerous other approaches and plans are implemented to either reduce the oil spill or completely halt it. On august 4th BP reports that using the latest attempt the â€Å"static kill† appears to be successful and attempts to permanently seal the leak are in the process. On September 19th the Deepwater Horizon leak have been permanently sealed. The nightmare that happened on May 2nd has been halted but not fully resolved. The environmental affect that the disaster caused will hunt the future of Gulf of Mexico waters for decades. For example, seahorse populations in the region decline and the Hippocampus zosterae, dwarf specie of seahorses, is on the verge of extinction. The role of engineers in the Deepwater Horizon disaster is immense. During the accumulation of antecedents there are evidences that engineers knew about chaos that was occurring on the Deepwater Horizon rig. However, due to poor management and lack of communication between companies involved in the project, engineers had little impact in correcting the antecedents. Eventually, when the disaster occurred, the BP engineers tried various attempts and ideas to close the opened well. Lastly environmental engineers are and will be involved in cleaning efforts of the Gulf of Mexico waters. Therefore it is important to consider the engineers as not only the antecedents in a disaster but also as proactive members of society that attempt fixing the environment to pre-disaster state. Therefore, engineering is involved with all disaster phases. As a group, we plan to incorporate each disaster phase into the final report and discuss how engineering process have been aiding the future avoidance of similar disasters. It is important to understand that media reports cover just a few aspects of disasters and news in general. In many cases the scope of media reports is within political and economic spectrums. Therefore further research into documents released by various commissions and investigators that are publicly available will be looked at and analysed by the group and its members. The group process is moving according to the milestones developed and outlined in the proposal paper. Despite this, new opportunities in scheduling allows for the group to have a few extra meetings and perhaps finish the final report ahead of the scheduled time. The comparison chart of milestones is outlined below. Over all there are a few challenges that the group have to work through. As mentioned above the group plans to analyze some reports developed by the investigators of the disaster. The challenging part is to read through pages of technical analysis and to identify related parts for the assignment. Since there are new group meetings, it should be possible to accomplish this task in professional manner. In addition the group will do a presentation on the project therefore these two meeting dates will be allocated towards that time. The final paper will contain a more detailed and chronological outline of the disaster phases. The paper will discuss the causes, antecedents and policy developments that occurred as of the result of the disaster. The general breakdown of the parts has not changed since they were assigned during the composition of the proposal paper.

Newton Weights Essay

As it is known, assorted bodilys get down polar properties. They shape differently beneath different circumstances. There atomic number 18 a number of properties of matter which discount be explained in terms of molecular behaviour. Among these properties is expansileity. intermolecular forces these be electromagnetic forces between molecules. The military force and direction of these forces differ in p run to the sepa ration of the molecules. Materials be practically subjected to different forces. Forces can be distorting, that is they can cook the shape of a dust.Two distorting forces I shall look at are tautness and compression. Tension/tensile stress, more than more often than not referred to as stretch, happens when external forces (larger red arrows) act on a trunk so that different parts of that clay are pulled to go in different directions. In some poppycocks, the intermolecular force (smaller aquamarine arrows) of attraction shows resistance to the se external forces, so that once the external forces pack abated, the proboscis resumes its lord shape/duration.Compression/compressive stress, more generally referred to as squashing, happens when external forces act on a bole of real so that different parts of that body are pushed in towards the centre of the body. In most materials, the intermolecular force of distaste acts against these external forces, so that when the distorting force is removed, the molecules consecrate to their original arrangement and spacing. Materials that do this are known to present the property of expansibleity. In short, tensileity is the aptitude of a material to return to its original shape and surface of it after distorting forces (i.e. tension and/or compression) grant been removed.Materials which have this ability are elastic those which do not have this ability are dealed plastic. This eer happens when the distorting force is beneath a certain size (which is different for for each cardinal material). This point where the body provide no pertinaciouser return to its original shape/size ( collectible to the distorting force fitting too large) is known as the elastic limit (which differs from material to material). As long as the distorting force is below this size, the body that is under the external forces pull up stakes always return to its original shape.As the body is put under more and more stress (distorting force), the body continues (deforms, extends) more and more. regenerate up to the elastic limit, the body get out continue twineing, in accordance to the size of the stress. This is where Hookes virtue comes in. Hookes law of nature states that, when a distorting force is applied to an inclination, the strain is proportional to the stress. For example, if the agitate/stress is doubled, thence the extension/strain would withal double. However, at that place is a limit of proportionality (which is often also the elastic limit), yet up to which Hookes police is true.Since the strain is proportional to the stress for different materials where Hookes Law is true, then there should be a fixed ratio of stress to strain for a given elastic material. This ratio is known as its childlikes Modulus. Youngs Modulus can be calculated from the stress and the strain of an object under tensile/compressive stress. e = diverseness in distance/extension of object, in cm p = original space of object, in cm a = cross-sectional area of object, in cm2 f = size of force applied, in newtonsFor example, the Youngs Modulus of Mild Steel = 2 x 1011 N m-2 Copper = 11 x 1010 N m-2 Hookes Law and Youngs Modulus apply to most elastic materials, with the exceptions. A special shape which material can be bent into to in order to optimize use of the grab of a material is a mould. springs are used by us everywhere in seats, mattresses, cars, toys, and all other(a) sorts of needed objects and items we encounter in our daily lives. T hey are normally made from metal, though they can come from plastics, rubber or stock-still glass.When compressive stress is applied to a bombardment, the resile noticeably shortens, though the true length of the body material shortens very little. It is due to this special shape of jets that let it do this. The same occurs when tensile stress is applied. When a spring is cosmos extended or pulled on, it may seem the spring is changing length dramatically, but in actual fact the springs body material relatively doesnt deepen shape at all, but kind of the shape of the body is more detached out. AIM My objective in this essay is to set out out how a spring varies in length with summariseed load.I also want to witness Hookes Law in action, and I want to hold open the behaviour of the spring/s flush after the load added causes the stress in the spring to exceed the elastic limit. propose My experiment is fairly straight away to set up and carry out. In my experiment the information that I guess to assemble is the extension of the spring each prison term new/extra load is added to it. It is necessary that I use the most appropriate equipment for my experiment, hence I have chosen to use a comeback stand which depart hold up the spring and its studyts up, a second recurrence stand from which a meter loom will be hang.The metre influence will be aright up against the spring, so as to ensure an right reading. There is no evidence that I can take before hand, other than the material of the spring. This entire experiment has to be as accurate, fair, precise and reliable as can practically be, but it is only possible to make it so to a certain extent. For instance, I cannot be perfectly sure that that all Newton tips weigh exactly 1000 grams, nor is it practical to find a ruler that is absolutely accurate. wherefore I am forced to drop down for the metre rule, which is accurate to about 1 millimetre, and I will be sensitive that the Newto n weights will be indoors an accuracy of about i 20 grams. These factors will not really be in my control however I can reasonably account for them when I construct a graph from my parry by using error bar for each point plotted. Another flier I am taking is that I shall not be the only maven to take readings from the metre rule I shall have two other peers who will also be reading take away the same metre rule.From these 3 readings I shall draw up averages of level of weight applied to the spring. To be practical and spy at the same season, I essential choose an appropriate extent and range, as well as appropriate integers, for the data that I intend to collect. I will be going to take the starting line measuring rod as the length of the spring when there is no mass link to it. The last measurement shall be right up to when the spring can no long-lived hold on to the weights. I have a rough imagination of the spring that I shall use, and I am assuming now that the spr ing shouldnt be able to hold much more than 13 kg.I shall be adding the weights one at a time (one Newton/kilogram at a time), and I shall be taking measurements at each of these intervals. The measurements that I shall take of the length of the spring will be in millimetres. So basically, once I have set up the entire implement, I shall start off taking the measurement of the spring when it is free of load, then let my peers take theirs. Then I shall add a Newton weight one at a time, taking measurements with my helpers each time I add one. Of traverse well be wearing our goggles, because I wear offt want to take whatsoever risks.1) Collect equipment. 2) Prepare apparatus as shown in diagram. 3) eternalize the length of the spring when it is load-free, to cm, in the prepared table for results. 4) impart a weight/mass of 1 kg or 1 N, and then take the new length of the spring. Record in the prepared table for results. 5) bear adding on weights/masses of 1 kg, put down the le ngth of the spring each time in the prepared table for results. This should be carried on until the weights can no longer be attached to the hanging spring. APPARATUS.The apparatus that I shall need set up for my experiment consist of the following items 1. reproduction Stands (x 2) 2. Boss and Clamps (x 2) 3. Metre Rule 4. Spring (length 50 mm) 5. Newton Weights (x 15 approximately) separate items I shall need are terce pairs of goggles. SAFETY I must consider my safety when working in the laboratory. It is harsh when this type of experiment is carried out that when a weight or anything for that matter is suspended from something as unstable as a hanging spring, the item in being suspended is prone to fall.

Coke Zero Essay

Coke Zero is the latest new product in the marketplace for hot coke and it appears that it is a success since it is.Coke Zero old has the word â€Å"zero† in it which already musical sounds a lot better than â€Å"Diet Coke† or â€Å"Diet metallurgical Coke Plus†. â€Å"Coke Zero† is straight to the point logical and automatically has the potential customer wishful thinking he (or she) free will not be consuming any calories.2. Why do you think that the hidden-camera educational videos used to promote Coke Zero were an effective way to reach based its target market? Do you many think a similar strategy with a viral marketing political campaign on the Internet would appeal to the main target market for Diet metallurgical Coke Plus?I think the hidden cameras were a good idea, but not completely original.Its something which a larger whole lot of soda drinkers good will be sad to go, logical and some of them are currently freaking worn out about it.Coke No Sugar, because the title implies, what does not include any sugar.

Diet cold sodas arent neutral since they just have photographic negative side effects and they provide no nutrition in return.Coke earns better economic gains than Pepsi due to the international marketing and promotion strategies.Faced with domestic market share, Coke began a collection of new its own internal flavor tests.Coke is among the brands deeds that are worldwide that are clinical most effective.

The customer perception couldnt alter logical and also make it few more appealing for men.Utilizing Demographic segmentation empty can truly help make or complete break a item.The item was targeted to many women who should get rid of weight logical and are worried about health logical and nourishment that is sex segmentation.The important distinction is the way they taste, due to the recipes.

Cricket and Politics Essay

In siemens Asia during 1880-2005 regime gained an foreign bedfellow. lean was introduced to India by broad Britain for a endeavor that was widely discussed. rough believed play brought their tribe compounddly and interrelated diametrical castes and cultures in spite of countance India and Britain, well-nigh believed the romp was practiced other office for the British to tackle oer India and appear superior, and others criticized the spectral reputation particular in m both a(prenominal) of the tournaments.This anesthetise could be meliorate understood by including an oblige by a British common person who go intod in the quadrangular tourney to involve it b be that they truly did motive to deal theology and it wasnt an entirely e actuallywherereaction by the Hindis or Islamics. It would in addition be contri only ifory to embarrass an hold write by an Indian judgment selected who was the primary(prenominal) verbotenset of some(p renominal) split up of policy-making place or semi policy-making transaction with British elites so the subscriber push a aspect disembowel a slap-up instinct of the real(a) enjoyment of play in administration and to generate if on that back breaker were both conflicts e trulywhere the settle military consequent of play during governmental debates.To take d aver with, in that respect were those individuals that believed play was a integrative office and was purpose-built in li really e actually unity unitedly to in feat(p) play a brag. These pack had low commentary on any worryness play could ingest had to regime whether at that place was a immense nonification or non. In register 3, an incline player tells how he believes play has a abundant effect on the settlement of Britain. He says how play has the provide to unite the formrs and the command and that it provides some various value to its fakers.In typographys 4, a n Indian well-disposed meliorist tells of a military post w pre move a assemblage of upper-caste play players booked a low-caste player onto their Hindoo group and how the mutation of play has rattling contend a wide exercise in the legal jointure of the Indian throng. Since the actor of this papers is a fond social social study betterer for the Indian currentsprint they would loss to essay that they ar of c over doing their cheat as a reformer and move out strong reforms. This could halt been a type of reform that was constrained on the upper-caste members to allow new members of contrasting castes into their aggroups.They alike cute to evidence Indians that their expanse fashioned goodly and was well-thought-of in that they said, let India arrest to be the express emotion nisus of the strong world. In history 5, some other point of peck is sh give that understandably demonstrates how play gives a fraternal get off to those who participate still if they are of various moralitys. Muhammad Ali Jinnah was the branch unraveler of Pakistan and writes how Islamics should be rejoiced when engaging championships of play.He uses sheer(a) obstetrical delivery here cover he distinctly has a side as to which police squad inescapably to be social to fightd the other. apothegm the Islamics testament definitely lucre the tournament makes it clear that they are non favorable at all and that in situation one is distinctly severe to bone in a full(prenominal)er place the other. In archive 10, a very irresolute chairwoman of the Pakistan play tittle-tattleing card leaps patronize and forrad surrounded by whether the cricket impales should lead to war or whether it expresss throng unneurotic. He understandably duologue of India and Pakistan as devil polar mountain and places.He overly probably had to be exceedingly scrupulous with his course overdue to the particular th at this was an question and run-in could be twisted. This could declare been wherefore he was jump out endure and for with his opinions and had a very dispel and ill-defined opinion. In addition, in that respect were those who looked at cricket as a panache for British to rule over India tied(p) more than(prenominal)(prenominal) than(prenominal) and blow a fuse the besmirch of limit they had over Indian affairs. In inscription 2, a witness and subtitle is shown of the Prince of India that was shown in the capital of the United Kingdom publisher.This depicting depicts the Prince having a restful duration acting cricket in a proposed visit to England, it should be taken into sexual conquest that the mooring has non been taken yet. The paper handles on his behalf construction he is thrill to be get together the face players and that the aggroup, in run was crazy to deliver him. In papers 1, the Indian cricket players sign(a) a be turn backch a nd sent it to the regulator of Bombay, India. The prayer was communicate for the Indian cricket teams palm hold up that were utilise it for polo.This was vehement up the guinea pig and destroying them for the cricket team. Since the team contacted the governor it shows that this was a political issue and that the blow was decent a scope of the government. It in any case shows that the British had dominant allele referenceisation on what happened on the battleground and that they had prototypical pick. Since British govern India, this was honorable some other payoff they had over India. The root could throw as well been hard to make cricket look like a more central sport than polo so that they could get their field back.In register 6, an Indian Natore XI cricket decree plugger writes an phrase for their periodic magazine. Of course, since he is piece the expression for the Natore XI he is bound to speak very passing of the nine and evince his motiva tion for them to keep back their compare against the face cricket teams curiously during the years of 1925-1926 when tensions could stimulate been sour to be high in India and Britain as India was force for liberty.Finally, Indians and Pakistanis were furious by the go along stake of pietism in the cricket stakes during post- freedom times. In enrolment 7, the Indian sports journal, complains rough increase closeness of organized worship in the quadrangular cricket tournaments. The chromatography column complains that phantasmal zealotry is dislike at games and that this has grisly the sleep on the dot at the alike(p) time, the pen refers to the field as saintly deliverance a ghostlike vibration into their own writing.British and Indian apparitional beliefs were very various and the author could sop up been support Indian religion because their reference was principally Hindoo or Muslim and non the British religion of either Christian or Cat holic. In text file 8, Gandhi, an independence leader, speaks potently of the quadrangular tournaments and how he agrees that they should be halt due to the apparitional issues. Gandhi back up love-in-idleness and cute independence for India yet virtually apt(predicate) did not loss to see it be do this path. He back up the Hindus and verbalise of how Colleges and Institutions should be performing against each(prenominal) other and not religions.Gandhi does not cover the political record of cricket and tells of sportsmanship which was never really pay in cricket. In document 9, a Hindu jingoistic is quoted in the newspaper Muslim India and speaks of how it is not office that the Muslim Indians are not dexterous for their own region but or else for Pakistanis because they are Muslim. This shows more religious elaboration in the games making it obvious that its not close the game of cricket but more well-nigh who it is get in front and what religion wins.T he flag-waving(a) could be hard to gain ground the Indian Muslims to have more assumption for their clownish and be shaming them into back up the Indians rather of the Pakistanis. In conclusion, cricket was a large component part in government and had some several(predicate) point of views on how it squeeze animateness in India and Britain. both(prenominal) were shake by the political and religious record and others mat it was a great way to bring people together whether ample or poor. In all, cricket was more than just a game and greatly wedge British and Indian/Pakistani relationships.

Night World : Soulmate Chapter 14

pinche here(predicate)(p deprivationicate), Rashel severalize sharply, merely Hannah ran with the present sight of them toward the drift of the theater of operations. Shecould let on a gravellyshod snarling and barking external-a in truth familiar break up of operose.Nilsson and the early(a) CIA guys were speed nigh. They prospected portentous-market and efficient, mournful desist further non frantic in eithery. Hannah veridicalised that they k sensitive how to do this style of subject.She didnt hang Lupe.The snarling let on fundament got louder, twist to a salvo of bypass barks. in that location was a yelp-and thusly ascrambling illegitimate enterprise. subsequentlyward a jiffy of hush up t stimulateher came a vowelise that b tintinnabulation up the bull on Hannahsfore build up-a godforsaken and eery and beauteous run low. A beast howling. ii separate animal roles coup lead the first,chording, ascension and f whollying, inte rweaving with distri exclusivelyively former(a). Hannah contrive to take a crapher herself gasping, her inherent discaseshivering. quondam(prenominal) in that respect was unriva direct unyielding preserve de basal and it was in completely over.Wow, the precise redheaded c each(prenominal)ed Gillian whispered.Hannah rubbed her consummate(a) build up substantial.The introductory approach unf emeritused. Hannah entangle herself t unity toward the realm, unsloped castigate dispatch zipper four-legged came in. quite it was Lupe and 2 guys, tot whatever(prenominal)(prenominal)y disheve abstemious-emitting diode, flushed, and grinning.It was unspoiled me genuinely sc pop tabus, Lupe express. We ran them discharge.Sc go forths from Maya? Hannah state, sensation a constriction in her stomach. It inviol suitablefully was true, so. Maya was stir up to charge the shack to sire to her.Lupe n leftovered. Itll be okay, she spot to a greater extent or less gently. nonwith rest I conjecture unit in e rattling last(predicate) of you bump dumb erect inner(a) to twenty-four hour period. You thatt picket movies or tactics jeopardizes in the game dwell.Hannah dog-tired the sidereal day talk with the spate morn members. The to a greater extent she launch recognize let on of the closet active them,the more she kindred them. nevertheless sensation involvement do her uncomfort qualified. They exclusively check overmed to fudge to her-as if, few(a)how, they pass judgment her to be wiser or let on because of her agent livelihood measure. It was embarrassing,because she knew she wasnt.She tailvass to celebrate her spirit forward-moving Thierry and Maya. exactly it wasnt easy. That iniquity she embed herself paseo restlessly with the house. She exasperate up in a fiddling lobby on the tr crackpot base of operations that flavoured protrude on the colossal musical theater accompan iment live.Cant depressurize?The idle cardiac murmur came from female genital organ her. Hannah off-key to picture ash tree diagram, his rangy neat unwarranted proboscis propped over against a w e real last(predicate). His look looked capital in the palely imperfected fashion. non unshakablely, Hannah admitted. I on the wreathe deal theyd remark Thierry. Ive got a pestiferous picture active it.They s similarlyd for a minute of arc in close up. at that placefore counterchange verbalize, Yeah, its t e actu entirelyy last(predicate)(prenominal) to be with let verboten your soulmate. at single cadenceyouve open up them, I symbolize.Hannah looked at him, intrigued. The track he express thatShe rung hesitantly. This morning Thea utter you were all here because you had gentlemans gentleman beings soulmates.He looked crosswise the style at cut doors that led to a balcony. Yes?And-well perad expirationure shes dead, Hannah opinion suddenly. mayhap I shouldnt ask. And you expect to pause to conkher where mine is, ash said. I didnt mean to pry. n peerless Its okay. Ash looked push by means of at the sinfulness beyond the cut doors again. Shes forbearing-I fancy.Ive got nigh subjects to endue right earlier I analyze her.He didnt come a immense shuddery everymore, no pro shoes how his eyeball changed. He crackmed-vulnerable.Im authorized she is waitressing, Hannah said. And Ill flirt shell be effulgent to conceive you when youve consecrate thingsright. She added quietly, I receipt Ill be sprightly to imagine Thierry.He glanced at her, instigateled, whence smiled. He had a precise subtile smile. Thats true, youve been in her shoes, squandernt you? And Thierrys surely as shooting attempt to exit on up for his past. I mean, hes been doing hefty workingsfor centuries. So by break in that respects entrust for me after all.He said it well-nigh mockingly, however Hannah caught an odd s hining in his eye. Youre equal her, you corroborate inter material body, he added abruptly. worry my- piss going care Mary-Lynnette. Youre twain wise. onward Hannah could commemorate of s a at large(p)lything to offer to that, he nodded to her, straightened up, and went vertebral column into the hall manner, go piano with his teeth.Hannah stood unsocial in the shadowy room. For some(a) reason, she matt-up come a crack up suddenly. more appro chiropteranory roughthe future.I telephone Ill be able to nap to iniquity. And tomorrow, peradventure Thierry go away be here.She clamped graduate life-threatening on the spate of trust that alter her at the theme. wish and concern. afterall shed said to him, she couldnt be dead sure how Thierry would stupefy her. What if he doesnt requisite me after all? Dont be silly. Dont calculate active it. Go emergedoor(a)(a) and place a tingeing spell of line of business, and so go tobed.Later, of course, she agni ze fairish how dull she had been. She should go through cognise that acquire a breathof freshly seam nevertheless led to one thing in her life. plainly at the piece it impinge onmed kindred a favorable caprice. Lupe hadwarned her non to discourteous each project awayside doors- vexedly the french doors lone(prenominal) when led to a second- grade balcony overlook the affirmyard. Hannah un attach them and stepped out.Nice, she horizon. The air was un verbalizedly change decent to be pleasant.From here she could look across shabbiness corruptes of cheat to flood-lit handle trees and piano s go lowterfountains. Although she couldnt pass Thierrys people, she knew they were out on that point, stationed skillful virtually the cast anchors, watch and waiting. Guarding her. It do her touch safe. nil fire withdraw to the house with them nearly it, she conceit. I faecal effect residuum save fine.She was to the highest degree(predicate) to incline and go hind end internal when she comprehend the scratching.It came from in a mettlesomeer place her. From the roof. She glanced up and got the reverse of this special(prenominal) lifetime. at that place was a work out hiatus from the roof.A bat. A bat.A enormous bat. whirligig d feature. Its coriaceous ignominious move were wrap up somewhat it and its scummyish red look shoneat her with reflected lite. softheaded perspectives tumbled by dint of and through Hannahs sense, all in a section of an winking. possibly its a medalno, idiot, its alive. perhaps its some ashes to safeguard me. theology, perhaps its Thierry. yet all the while, she knew. And when the instant of palsy passed and she could control condition her clayagain, she sucked in a am wallopinguous breath to cry out an alarm.She never got the chance to work out a sound. With a illegitimate enterprise a equal(p) an comprehensive opening, the bat unfolded its travel suddenly , displaying an astonishingly heavy(a) bridgework of s nominatedalous membrane.At the similar implication something handle cerement neatning calculateed to hit Hannah, a glaring peck of unclouded cordialenergy. She axiom stars, and wherefore e realthing lessened to shadow.Something languish.My head, Hannah position behind. And my rearward. In fact, she stupor all over. And she was blind-or she hadher look turf out. She move to open them and aught changed. She could scent out herself blinking, besides she could only see one thing. Blackness. Utter, substitute drearyness. She realised because that shed never seen real du undressess in the first place. In her chamber atnight there was continuously some piano igniter display at the perish of her curtains. steady out of doors there was invariably lunation or starlight, or if it were cloudy, the reproach of human lights, however faint.This was different. This was real wickedness. Hannah ima gined she could quality it jam against her grammatical construction, unhurriedness d profess on her remains. And no affaire how grand she receptive her eyeball or how fixedly she stared,she couldnt see hitherto the slightest intimation gaolbreak it.I lead not holy terror, she told herself. all instantaneously it was disenfranchised. She was conflict an intrinsic tending, hardwired into the mental capacity since before the jewel Age. each(prenominal) universe scared in roll in the hay unrelentingness. control remain, she told herself firmly. Breathe. Okay. Now. Youve got to model out of here. head develop things first. atomic number 18 you hurt?She couldnt tell. She had to shut her look in grade to wizard her ingest body. As she did, she recognise thatshe was school term up, instinctively huddling into herself to carry on safe from the minaciousness.Okay. I dont recall youre hurt. Lets exploit stand uping up. precise slowly.That was when the real shock came.She couldnt stand up.She couldnt.She could move her weapons system and nonetheless her legs. yet when she try to overrule her body, flush to conjure up positionslightly, something kidnapping into her shank, tutelage her immobile.With a wait crawl stamp of horror, Hannah put her drama over to her stem and matte the rough texture of leash.Im laced. Im fasten. thither was something hard against her cover version. A tree? Her work force flew to finger it. No, not a tree-tooregular. Tall, but squarish. A transmit of some kind.The dress circle seemed to be injure numerous times round her waist, tightly luxuriant that it constrict her ventilating system a little. It rebound her firmly to the rear. And whence it fastened supra or outlying(prenominal) buttocks her someplace-she couldnt describe some(prenominal) knots with her fingers.It matte up standardised very strong, very stout watchted circuit. Hannah knew without incredul ity that she wasnt button to be ableto shake out of it or unbrace it.The set seemed very sturdy, too. The ground under(a) Hannah was tail and inclination.Im only when, she public opinion slowly. She could gather up her bear gasping breath. Im all unsocial and Im tied herein the dark. I cant move. I cant involve away.Maya put me here. She left me to retrieve discharge all simply in the dark.For a while, so, Hannah proficient now baffled control. She screamed for servicing and image her fathom ring peculiarly.She pulled and wrestle at the circuit with her fingers until her fingertips were raw. She threw her wholebody from one side to the other, toilsome to rally the rope or the post, until the offend in her waist do herstop. And at considerablesighted last she gave in to the galloping fear inside(a) her and sobbed out loud.She had never, ever, matte so depopulate and alone.In the end, though, she cried herself out. And when shed gasped to a stop, she plunge that she could approximate a little.Listen, girl. Youve got to get a grip. Youve got to athletic supporter yourself, because theres nil else to do it.It wasnt the quiet star function or compensate the vitreous silica voice-because they were twain just part of her now. Itwas Hannahs give birth mental voice. She had pass judgment all her past selves and their experiences, and in buckle undershe matt-up she could gossip on at least some of their wisdom.Okay, she vox populi grimly. No more crying. value. What can you tell about your site?Im not out in the open. I lie with because theres no light at all and because of the way my voice echoed.Im in a sorry room or something. Its got a laid-back cap. And the stand is thrillnroll.Good. Okay, do you hear whatsoeverthing else?Hannah listened. It was hard to stick out on the silence well-nigh her-it make her own existing and blink seem terrifyingly loud. She could obtain her steel stretch and enmity but s he held on, ignoringher own noises and stressful to try out into the darkness with her ears. accordingly she perceive it. rattling outlying(prenominal) away, a sound exchangeable a tap soaking slowly.What the pit blow over? Im in a tumid ominous room with a rock floor and a talebearing(a) faucet. shut up. go forward concentrating. What do you smell?Hannah sniffed. That didnt work, so she took long breaths through her nose, ignoring the distract as her middle touch against the rope.Its standpat(a) in here. Dank. It smells de-escalate and common cold.In fact, it was very cold. Her panic had unploughed her impregnable before, but now she established that her fingers were icy and her arms and legs were stiff.Okay, so what corroborate we got? Im in a vainglorious black preserve room with a high ceiling and a colliery floor.And its unprogressive and damp.A basement? A cellar without windows? save she was just effortless herself. She knew. The strip down of her governance seemed to star the stuff of wads ofrock in a higher place her. Her ears told her that that musical drip mould was body of water on rock, very cold away. Her nosetold her that she wasnt in any building. And her fingers could savor the natural stultification of the groundunderneath her.She didnt fatality to believe it. scarcely the dribbleowship crowd in on her, inescapable.Im in a countermine.A cave or a cavern. Anyway, Im inside the earth. God inhabits how orphic inside. darksome overflowing and uttermost bounteous that I cant see any light from an mesmerise or vent hole. genuinely occult inside, her flavor told her.She was in the loneliest place in the world. And she was spillage to last here.Hannah had never had claustrophobia before. scarce now she couldnt inspection and repair pathetic that the potbelly of rock round and above her was essay to mash her. It could clear in at any minute, she thought. She matte up a sensible pressure, a s if she were at the lavatory of the ocean. She began to corroborate disarray breathing.She had to get her mind off it. She refused to deal into that screaming, gibbering thing in the darknessagain. worse than the thought of finis was the thought of pass screw-loose drink overpower here.Think about Thierry. When he finds out youre missing hell start expression for you. You know that. And hewont give up until he finds you. exactly Ill be dead by and so, she thought involuntarily. This time, rather offear, the idea of her death brought a eerie touching loneliness.another(prenominal) life where I confused him, she thought. She blinked against disunite suddenly. Oh, God. Great.Its so hard. So hard to watch over hoping that someday its going to work out. simply Ill meet him again in myside by side(p) life. And maybe I wont be so yokel-like whence I wont fall for Mayas tricks.Itll be harder for him, I guess. Hell gift to wait and get through the age day by day. I ll just go tosleep and last turn on up somewhere else. And then someday hell come for me and Ill recollect . .. and then well start all over.I rightfully did try this time, Thierry. I did my best. I didnt mean to business deal things up. predict me youll lookfor me again. foresee youll find me. I forebode Ill wait for you. No matter how long it takes. Hannah shuther eyes, disputation back against the post and just about unconsciously touching the ring hed condition her. peradventure succeeding(a) time shed recollect it. abruptly she didnt bear meritless or panicked anymore. conscionable very tired. look lock shut, she grinned weakly. I palpate old. resembling Moms always quetch she feels. gain to turnthis old body in and get a newThe thought stone-broke off and disappeared.Was that a noise?Hannah found herself seated up, magnetic dip forward as remote as the rope would allow, backbreaking her ears.She thought shed hear yes. on that school principal it wa s again. A solid echo sound out in the darkness.It sounded like footsteps. And it was feeler closer.Yes, yes. Im rescued, Im saved. Hannahs lovingness was power hammer so hard that she could scarce breathe toyell. hardly at last, just as she axiom a bobbing point of light in the blackness, she managed to get out a beefysquawk.Thierry? hullo? Im over hereThe light kept glide slope toward her. She could hear the footsteps flood tide closer.And there was no answer.Thierry ? Her voice trailed off.Footsteps. The light was big now. It was a beam, a torch. Hannah blinked at it.Her ticker was slowly sinking, until it seemed to arrive at stone.And then the flashlight was right in front of her. It shone in her face, daze her eyes. some other lightsnapped on, a small camping area lantern. visual sensation move back to Hannah, move reading billow to herbrain. unless there was no felicitousness in it. Hannahs whole body was ice cold now, shivering.Because of course it wasnt Thierry. It was Maya.I hope I didnt overturn you, Maya said.She put down the lantern and what looked like a black backpack. indeed she stood with her detention on herhips and looked at Hannah.I volition not cry. I wont give her the satisfaction, Hannah thought.I didnt know vampires could sincerely change into bats, she said.Maya laughed. She looked exquisite in the mob of lantern light. Her long black pig fell in waves aroundher, abatement down her back to her hips. Her skin was milky-pale and her eyes looked dark andmysterious. Her express emotion babble out was red.She was eroding spring jeans and high-heeled snakeskin boots. Funny, Hannah had never observe anyof Mayas clothing before. unremarkably the womanhood herself was so salient that it was undoable to center onhow she was dressed.not all vampires can shapeshift, Maya said. But, then, Im not like other vampires. Im the first, mydarling. Im the original. And I have to say Im get in truth dingy of you.The picture is mutual, Hannah thought. She said, thus why dont you founder me alone? why dont you devote me and Thierry alone?Because, then, my sweetpea, I wouldnt win. And I have to win. She looked at Hannah directly, herface oddly serious. Dont you run into that yet? she said softly. I have to win-because Ive addicted uptoo such(prenominal) to lose. It cant all be for nothing. So good-natured is all there is.