Will American Hegemony Produce a Better World for Everybody?

Hegemony is delimit as leadership, predominance, especially of mavin purchase localise over a nonher. Encarta dictionary defines it as run or dominating influence by one person or root especially over society or one defer over opposites. Referring to America, Stanly D. Brunn pointed egress the cosmeas adept stay super situation is the account adequate to(p) hegemon (p. 36). Every one would agree that the get together state of matters upholds its status as the merely stay super index in the existence though perhaps stintingally Japan and the catch ones breath of the G7 member countries argon at par with the US.However many would protest if one would say, the U. S. remains the innovations police, and much more if one would annex a good policeman so. and so the question Well Ameri displace Hegemony do work a rectify World for Everybody poses an cardinal analysis of the role of the United States in the global community. But in the realist perspective, they d efine that the Ameri ho utilisation attitudes to wards transnational order is touch-and-go not beca lend one egotism of any special vicious characteristic alone because of the inherent insecurity that un oppose mogul confers on weaker states.Michael Cox, timothy Dunne, and Ken stand pointed show up their argument, In anarchic orders, weaker states argon threatened by extreme concentrations of proponent and forget undertake safeguard in payoff-hegemonic groupings (p. 193). But this has been debated reveal as some con slopes that the Ameri stern unipolarity is a highly dur fitted policy-making order. Cox, Dunne, and Booth argued that the American order is built on power.They point reveal the extended dodge of American-led security protection in Europe, the oculus eastward, and Asia, is an essential element of this order and it can lonesome(prenominal) be sustained by predominant military capabilities, which in turn depends on continuing American economic and tec hnological strength (p. 193). pragmatism identical any other ism much(prenominal) as naturalism and with child(p)ism is a philosophic thought, thitherfore cannot be showcaseed to the test of falsifibility or cannot be proved or disproved. gum benzoin Frankel point unwrap that realism facial expressioned re manhood as the result of power equilibrium than a cessation of conflicting inspiration (p.6). They regard society as staple fiberally conflictive and the struggle for power among rival groups is a fundamental condition of human earthly concern (Frankel, p. 6) Frankel cited that there is a differing position at heart realism. He far-famed that realist believed that human beings were control by lust for power, while the rest including him, regarded power as essentially implemental to and necessary for the achievement of other goals such(prenominal)(prenominal) as security and even lib durationl ideals (Frankel, p. 6). The American Hegemony American hegemony ha s been interpreted in some ways.Demetrios Caraley quoting the words of The Economist stated, The joined states best relievees the globe like a colossus. It dominates business, commerce, and communication theory its economy is the cosmeas or so successful, its military might second to none (p. 105). Caraley alike cited French Foreign government minister Hubert Vedrine arguing that the United States had gone beyond its force status of the twentieth. He verbalise U. S. supremacy today extends to the economy, currency, military argonas, life storystyle, wrangle and the products of mass culture that inundate the military personnel, forming opinion and fascinating even the enemies of the United States (Frankel, p.105). The American hegemony was also seen in the context of globalization. Caraley noted the statements of two American triumphalists stating, Todays transnational system is built not around a balance of power yet around American hegemony (p. 105). globalisation is seen plain a disguise for American imperialism. American hegemony has been described as hyper power and is not comparable, in terms of power and influence, to any thing kn feature in in advance(p) history. G. John Ikenberry point divulge that hegemony is not just fabric power capabilities, and hegemonic order cannot be assured simply by a preponderance of such capabilities.He evinced that a leader ask followers and acquiescence of these followers is nevertheless achieved if the leader is seen as legitimate (Ikenberry, p. 18) Quoting Michael Mastanduno, Ikenberry pointed out Mastanduno argues that the United States has succeeded in establishing at least(prenominal) a partial hegemonic in east Asia (Ikenberry, p. 18). The Realist view of Hegemony Realist held that bland economically and militarily powerful nation-states qualifies as a hegemon since the use of power or economic sanctions against non-cooperating parties, is regarded as part of the game.Garrit Stratmann points out that this view accept that a hegemon has to exercise hegemony over subordinated countries inside its sphere of influence (p. 37). In other words, though hegemony still reflects the preeminent position of a hegemonic actor, but does not needfully imply dominance rather it is referred to as leadership. Thus, according to Stratmann in the realist view of hegemony, the focus is on the hegemons role in mitigating embodied action problems through the provision of leadership over other donors and the creation of positive incentives to cooperate, e.g. by assuming a larger sh ar of the costs to even out up and maintain a accommodating infrastructure (37). The realist argues that hegemony of one state provides a benefit for all by providing incorporated goods to all. Realist maintains that domination is always associated with coercion, state power, and therefore force, and hegemony remains consistently identified with equilibrium, persuasion, consolidation, and consent. Stuart Crof t and Phil allowiams cited Antonio Gramscis rendering of hegemony which siftes the explanatory importance of ideas that this unpaid worker submission by one troupe to another is predicated on the belief, right or wrong, that all parties will benefit from the interaction between the weak and the strong, even though it is important to emphasize that they might not recognize this act as submissive, nor may they recognize that the outcome might indeed be a hegemonic traffichip (68). Will the American Hegemony Produce a develop World in Realist Perspective? thither are many factors that lead to a yes answer to the question in a higher place.It has been partly discussed above that the United States hegemony has been qualified, as the U. S. has succeeded in establishing partial hegemonic in vitamin E Asia. Further more, based on the definition and explanation of what hegemony is and the role of the hegemony in the external community of nation, it appears that indeed the American hegemony meets the extremity to produce a remediate domain of a function for everybody. The biggest threat to humanity to be able live a better life in a better world was the threat of communism prior to the collapsed of the Soviet Union.But with fall of Communism, it is now the evil of terrorist act that brought real danger and fear worldwide. The political and accessible condition of life is no longer threatened by conquering but by the evil of terrorism, which only America can control. Michael Byers and Georg Nolte Noted that the concept of a community by superpower is very popular in US international relations theory (64) which promotes relations rather than dominion. In the realist view, state value of traditional international law tend over community set such as human rights or sustainable development.Chrystalla A. Ellina noted that the realist view of states as sovereign entities defined by geographical boundaries and clear separating domestic and foreign policy is incongruent with supra national policy Realist argues that order is a result of the concentration of material power capabilities in a single state, which uses its commanding position to create and maintain order. In a sense, realists view of hegemony is somewhat apprehensive as they tend to be suspicious of the real tendency of the hegemonic nation. Paul J.DAnieri asserts that Realist contends, Great powers pursue hegemony in order to create a world order to favorable to themselves, and often exploitatory to others (p. 218) Jonathan Joseph point out that in the realist View, hegemony can only operate under conditions of societal and material causality. Joseph cited It is necessary to examine the accessible whole and its different structures and mechanisms, each of which has its own dynamics (p. 126). However they admit that only militarily and economically strong nation is undetermined of being a hegemon.Since the only remaining superpower militarily and economically is the Unit ed States, it follows that American hegemony is legitimate and is capable to produce a better world for every body to live. The American use of power in the war against Iraq and against the Taliban forces maybe viewed as an attempt of global domination, but it is quite clear that threat of terrorism has been the main object the war. The world will never be safe with the terrorist around. The war on terror, which the US initiated, has put the world in a better and safer condition.Further more the benefit of globalization, democracy, and continues advancement of technology being carried out by the United States continues to view as life easier. What the realist wanted to see in reality in the American hegemony is that it should be able to provide benefit for weaker nations by providing collective goods to all. The US assistance in reconstruct European economies during the cold war era and its commitment for peace in the essence East proves that the United States is working toward s amend the worlds political and social condition.On the other hand, the problem that could be pointed out in the American hegemony is the concepts of democracy, which is associated with kindization. It has been viewed that the American export of democracy and economic liberalization is imperialism, Americanizing its subject nations. Nevertheless, American democracies placed more values to human lives and give more protection and respect both for life and the basic rights of the individual.Realist maybe right that the American unipolar status may not finish long but it may not be based on the dominant view that it is unstable and cannot but in time produce competition for the cerement of hegemon. John A. Agnew, Stuart Cordbridge admits that there are a number of candidates for international primacy available to supercede the United States as Number one and only(a) unless it acts decisively to prevent this (130). Realist is not at all against hegemony or the American hegemony but just believe that society is essentially conflictive.It esteems that they also recognize American hegemony as no one can dispute that the US is the only remaining superpower. The realist assertion that hegemony means equilibrium or the balance of power does not surely mean equal benefit or equal strength. They perhaps simply mean equal opportunity or equal protection, which is guaranteed in the American democracy. Andreas Hasenclever, Peter Mayer, and Volker Rittberger stated, Realist theories of regimes emphasize relative power capabilities as a central explanatory variable and stress states sensitivity to distributional aspects of cooperation and regimes (84).Hasenclever , Mayer, and Rittberger emphasized the realist teaches that the states are the most important actors on the world scene which act out of self -interest in an anarchical environment, without needing to renounce the liberal insights that state are able to clear common interests through cooperation and use in ternational institutions to this ends (83) Regardless of this statement, T. V. Paul James J. Wirtz, and Michael Fortmann pointed out that all realism agree on several fundamental assumptions about the record of international administration (104) It means that realist accepted some action by the state as a legitimate.Paul, Wirtz, and Fortmann noted that realist also believes that international politics are state centric, because politics are about relations between organized social groups and states are the primary organized groups in the modern world. Therefore the move to rid the world of international terrorist maybe state centric as it is triggered by the 7/11 terrorist attacked but it can also be in the realm of international politics as it was later joined by many other countries in an grounds to subdue the international terrorist. Furthermore, based on the realist doctrines above, the U. S.led crusade against systematic mass extermination of people under a bossy rule tha t led to war against Taliban in Afghanistan and Saddam Hussein can still be viewed as part of the international politics, which aim to produce a better world for everybody to live. With all the effort of the United States to train economic rehabilitation in Europe under the Truman Doctrine, the effort to bring peace in the Middle East by trying to mediate in Palestinian conflict, and the US effort to rid the world of the threat of terrorism I can definitely say the American hegemony was able to produce a better world for everybody.Though the realist view seems to run counter on the concept of hegemony yet there are some areas that realist agrees to the hegemonic ideas. It is in this symmetry therefore that the discussion in this piece of music was based. Realism maybe extreme in their doctrine about hegemony, power, and the community but they provided a political mirror by which the hegemonic states can be judge whether their actions are still within incongruent with hegemony. m elt Cited Agnew, John and Corbridge. Mastering Space Hegemony, ground and world(prenominal) Political Economy.London Routledge, 1995. Brunn, Stanley D. 11 kinsfolk and Its Aftermath The Geopolitics of Terror. London Routledge, 2004 Byers, Michael and Nolte, Georg. United States Hegemony and the Foundations of internationalistic Law. UK Cambridge University Press, 2003. Caraley, Demetrios. American Hegemony Preventive War, Iraq, and Imposing Democracy. newborn York Academy of Political Science, 2004. Cox, Michael, et. al. Empires, Systems and States Great Transformations in International Politics.UK Cambridge University Press, 2001. Croft, Stuart and Williams, Phil. European Security Without the Soviet Union. Great Britain Frank Cass & Co. Ltd. , 1992. 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